Cardio Exam 2 > PVD2 > Flashcards

PVD2 Flashcards

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1
Q

vascular aneurysms caused by

A
  • congenital or acquired weakness in the vessel media -r cardiac chamber
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2
Q

where do vascular aneurysms occur

A
  • aorta or heart
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3
Q

classification of vascular aneurysms

A
  • location
  • configuration
  • etiology
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4
Q

what type of aneurysm is bounded by complete but attenuated vessel wall components

A
  • true aneurysm
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5
Q

types of true aneurysm

A
  • atherosclerotic
  • syphilitic
  • congenital
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6
Q

what type of aneurysm is an extravascular hematoma that communicates with the intravascular space

A
  • false aneurysm
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7
Q

types of false aneurysms

A
  • pseudoaneurysm

- pulsating hematoma

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8
Q

what subtype of aneurysm is an ovoid swelling that is parallel to a long axis

A
  • fusiform
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9
Q

what subtype of aneurysm is a bubble-like outpouching

A
  • saccular
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10
Q

what subtype of aneurysm occurs when a hemorrhage into media separates the vessel wall layers

A
  • dissecting
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11
Q

what subtype of aneurysm involves direct communication of the artery and vein

A
  • arteriovenous
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12
Q

what disease is associated with aneurysm of ascending aorta

A
  • syphilis
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13
Q

what disease is associated with aneurysm of ascending and thoracic aorta

A
  • cystic medial degeneration
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14
Q

what disease is associated with aneurysm of abdominal aorta

A
  • atherosclerosis
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15
Q

what disease is associated with aneurysm of muscular arteries

A
  • atherosclerosis
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16
Q

what disease is associated with aneurysm of circle of willis

A
  • berry aneurysm
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17
Q

what disease is associated with aneurysm of sites of bacterial infection

A
  • mycotic aneurysm
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18
Q

abdominal aortic aneurysms are always associated with

A
  • severe atherosclerosis
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19
Q

which sex predominates in abdominal aortic aneurysms

A
  • men
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20
Q

which is the most frequent aneurysm type

A
  • abdominal aortic aneurysm
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21
Q

dilatation in aneurysms occurs where

A
  • distal to renal arteries

- proximal to iliac bifurcation

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22
Q

symptoms of abdominal aortic aneurysm

A
  • abdominal mass
  • abdominal pain
  • acute ischemia of lower limb or kidneys
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23
Q

what is the dissection of blood in between and along the laminar planes of the media, forming a blood-filled channel within the aortic wall

A
  • aortic dissection
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24
Q

is aortic dissection associated with aneurysmal swelling?

A
  • no
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25
do aortic dissections frequently rupture
- yes
26
which groups are predisposed to dissection
- men 40-60 with previous hypertension | - younger patients with connective tissue disorders like Marfan
27
common factor of aortic dissection
- weakening of aortic media
28
most frequent preexisting lesion in aortic dissection
- cystic medial degeneration
29
result of aging in aortic dissection
- mild degenerative changes - focal elastin loss - medial fibrosis
30
what may trigger the aortic dissection event
- spontaneous intimal laceration | - vasa vasorum hemorrhage
31
cadiac/vascular anomalies of marfan syndrome
- weakness of aortic media - aortic regurgitation - CHF - mitral valve prolapse
32
people with marfan syndrome have a high incidence of
- dissection and rupture
33
what is the most common cause of death in marfan syndrome
- cardiovascular disorders
34
marfan syndrome has what genetic pattern?
- autosomal dominant
35
marfan syndrome defect in what
- fibrillin-1 | - chromosome 15q21.1
36
microfibrillar fibers are critical for
- deposition of elastin during development
37
what do affected tissues in Marfan syndrome show
- fragmented elastic fibers
38
what is the most frequent preexisting histologic lesion
- cystic medial degeneration
39
cystic medial degeneration is the separation of _____ by ______
- elastic and fibromuscular elements | - by small "cystic" spaces filled with extracellular matrix
40
aortic dissection tear is usually where
- intimal tear in ascending aorta | - within 10 cm of aortic valve
41
aortic dissection separates
- aorta along media
42
most frequent cause of death in aortic dissection
- extravascular rupture
43
classification of aortic dissections
- type A | - type B
44
proximal, proximal and distal dissections are which type?
- type A
45
distal dissections only are which type?
- type B
46
which type of dissections are the most common common and most dangerous
- type A - proximal
47
what is the formation of an aggregate of coagulated blood with platelets, fibrin, and entrapped blood cells within the vascular lumen
- thrombosis
48
major subtype of thrombosis
- arterial | - venous
49
arterial thrombosis most commonly
- superimposed on atheroma
50
venous thrombosis most commonly
- due to stasis
51
three major factors predisposing to thrombus
- changes blood constituents - changes in intimal surface of blood vessel - changes in patterns of blood flow
52
changes in blood constituents conditions
- primary and acquired hypercoagulability
53
changes in intimal surface of blood vessel
- endothelial denudation or dysfunction
54
changes in patterns of blood flow
- stasis | - turbulence
55
common sites of arterial thrombosis
- large and medium muscular arteries | - intracardiac
56
pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis
- endothelial damage - altered blood flow (stasis) - hypercoagulability
57
progress of arterial thrombosis
- lysis - propagation - organization - recanalization - embolization
58
what is the most common cause of death in western industrialized countries
- arterial thrombosis | - especially MI and cerebral infarction
59
mural thrombosis of the heart is associated with
- MI - Afib - cardomyopathy - endocarditis
60
major complication of thrombosis
- embolization
61
what is the passage through the arterial or venous circulation of any material capable of lodging in vessel and obstructing lumen
- embolism
62
sites of venous thrombosis
- deep veins
63
pathogenesis of venous thrombosis
- stasis - vascular injury - hyper coagulability - advanced age - sickle cell disease
64
progress of venous thrombosis
- lysis - propagation - organization - recanalization - embolization
65
DVT symptoms
- most often asymptomatic - calf tenderness - forced dorsiflexion of the foot
66
what is the most frequent sources of pulmonary embolism
- DVT in lower extremities
67
massive thromboembolism in PE associated with
- acute right heart failure
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