what is primary research?
- original research
- aims to produce new knowledge
- for all primary research there is a systematic process to follow
what are the data sources for a data base?
- Pubmed
- Cinahl
- EMBASE
- EMCARE
- Medline
what are the data sources for a library?
- physical research
- books
- library databases
what are the data sources for a grey literature?
- google scholar
- secondary references
what are the types of ways to search for data?
- PEO
- PICO
- SPIDER
searching the data: PEO - what does it include when searching
- population
- exposure
- outcomes (or themes)
searching the data: PICO - what does it include when searching
- population
- intervention
- comparative
- outcome
searching the data: SPIDER - what does it include when searching
- Sample
- Phenomena of interest
- Design
- Evaluation
- Research type
What is the reference management - PRISMA
Step 1a – records from database
Step 1b – records from other sources.
Step 2 – removal of duplicates.
Step 3 – records screened.
Step 4 – Full texts eligible.
Step 5 – studies included for synthesis
what is the interpretivism (subjective) of qualitative methods?
- people making up the truth
- its subjective as reality is understood through the meaning generated by individuals
- understanding of perspective and behaviour in any given situation
what is the positivism of qualitative methods - paradigms?
- foundations in the sciences
- facts and events are not random
- measurable, objective, and generalisable data required for new knowledge
- quantitative in nature
- objectivity and deductive reasoning to test theories
qualitative methods: phenomenology, what does it mean?
- gains insight to experience of individuals
- a persons reality is defined by their interpretation of their world.
- enables participants to describe and explain their lived experience
framing the question: what does FINER mean?
the finer criteria encapsulates what should be considered for your research question.
framing the question what does FINER stand for?
- feasible
- interesting
- novel
- ethical
- relevant
what does descriptive phenomenology mean?
no requirement to have prior knowledge of a situation
what does interpretive phenomenology mean?
can be based in existing knowledge of a situation
what does the qualitative method ethnography do
- usually focuses on group
- origins in anthropology
- explores the world in which individuals or groups come together
qualitative method ethnography is used to understand aspects of cultures and communities such as…
- accepted behaviours
- expectations about behaviours
- social traditions
- systems of communication or symbols representing the group
what does the qualitative method grounded theory
builds theory firmly grounded in the data through an iterative approach.
design - sampling: types and what the do
random isn’t used very often
- Quota sampling. A sample proportionate to the group required.
- Convenience sampling. A sample based on availability and willingness.
- Purposive Sampling. Chosen to suit the aims of the study.
- theoretical sampling: specific to grounded theory allows the sample to grow or be adjusted.
data collection: methods of collecting data?
- questionnaire/surveys: open ended questions
- interviews: structured, semi-structured, non-structured
- focus groups: homogenous groups to discuss known topics
- observations: social media monitoring, behaviours
design (validity)
about precision, avoiding bias in data collection such as power relationship between the researcher and the participant wording of interview questions
design (validity)
about the accuracy
- avoiding research bias
- reactivity and respondent bias
challenges of validity and reliability.
- research bias
- issues of theoretical sensitivity
- respondent bias (doesn’t provided honest and truthful answers)
