what has the greatest impact on quantitative traits
environment
what is transmitting ability
difference of averages of progeny from the population
what is breeding value equal 2
2 x TA
non transmittable genetic combinations
-meiosis
-whats transmitted through gametes
-dominance
-epistasis
what can impact estimation of TA
-environmental effects
-non transmittable genetic combinations
what can be used to estimate an animals transmitting ability
-their progeny
-ancestors
-relatives
what is EPD an estimate of
TA
direct effects EPD
average amount that an animals progeny will differ from an animal with EPD = 0
maternal effects EPD
average amount that an animals daughters progeny will differ from an animal with maternal EPD = 0
what does heritability(h^2) measure
how well an animals phenotype indicates their TA(accuracy measure)
selection response definition
directional shifting of the mean of a population over time as a reflection of which animals are allowed to become parents
2 methods of genetic improvement through selection
-Selection response
-improving uniformity
what is selection differential
average amount that selected individuals differ from average of the population
generation interval for breeds
Swine: 2 years
Sheep: 3 years
Cattle: 5 years
Horse: 9 years
how to find phenotypic standard deviation when given variance
take the square root of variance
T/F generally more females are allowed to be parents than males
TRUE
