Radiation

Question 1

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Name the two types of radiation

Answer 1

1. Ionising
2. Non-ionising

Question 2

Name three types of ionising radiation

Answer 2

1. Alpha
2. Beta
3. Gamma

Question 3

Name three types of non-ionising radiation

Answer 3

1. Microwaves
2. Radio waves
3. Infrared

Question 4

Name three common sources of ionising radiation

Answer 4

1. X-rays and medical scanners
2. Food irradiation
3. Tanning

Question 5

Name three sources of non-ionising radiation

Answer 5

1. Mobile phones
2. Radios
3. Wifi
4. Cooking and heat
5. TV
6. Visible light
7. Navigation

Question 6

Name the two types of radiation exposure

Answer 6

1. Internal
2. External

Question 7

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State the hazards of radioactive materials

Answer 7

1. Radiation contamination
2. Irradiation
3. Flammable/ explosive atmospheres

Question 8

What are the most common methods of radiation contamination?

Answer 8

1. Mouth
2. Nose
3. Cuts
4. Some material can also be absorbed through the skin

Question 9

What are the four radiation source categories?

Answer 9

1. Sealed
2. Unsealed
3. Shielded
4. Unshielded

Question 10

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State the ways to keep radiation exposure to a minimum

Answer 10

1. Time
2. Distance
3. Shielding

Question 11

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State the initial cordon for an unshielded/ potentially damaged source, in the open

Answer 11

45 meters around

Question 12

What are the two measurements used to measure radiation dose?

Answer 12

1. Millisieverts (mSv)
2. Microsieverts (µSv)

*1 mSv = 1000 µSv

Question 13

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What is the firefighter radiation dose rate limit per incident?

Answer 13

5 mSv

Question 14

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What is the annual firefighter radiation dose rate limit?

Answer 14

20 mSv

Question 15

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What is the radiation dose rate limit for an informed volunteer firefighter?

Answer 15

100 mSv

Question 16

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In what circumstances might you volunteer to exceed the 20 mSv radiation dose limit?

Answer 16

1. Save life
2. Maintain cricitcal infrustrcture

Question 17

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Explain the RADSAFE Scheme

Answer 17

Utilised offsite to minimise impact of radiation transport and to support clean up

Question 18

What is NAIR?

Answer 18

National Arrangements for Incidents Involving Radiation

Question 19

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List the various types of equipment used in Essex to assist with a radiation incident

Answer 19

1. EPD (all frontline appliances and HazMat units)
2. RADOS RDS 200 Survey Meter (HazMat units)
3. IndetiFINDER 2 (DIM vehicle)
4. Ludlum Model 26-1 Frisker Contamination Meter (HazMat units)

Question 20

What are the three pre-set alarms on an EPD?

Answer 20

1. Initial dose rate alarm (µSv/hr)
2. Dose constraint alarm (5 mSv)
3. Exceptional dose alarm (100 mSv)

Question 21

What are the two modes used by a survey meter?

Answer 21

1. Beta (with beta probe attached)
2. Gamma (without beta probe attached)

** used to determine the size of a cordon **

Question 22

What kind of material can stop alpha radiation?

Answer 22

Paper or skin

Question 23

What kind of material can stop beta radiation?

Answer 23

Aluminium or Perspex

Question 24

What kind of material can stop gamma radiation?

Answer 24

Lead or concrete