Random Anatomy

Question 1

What does the longissimus dorsi insert onto?

Answer 1

Transverse processes of thoracic/lumbar spine

Question 2

What are the 5 types of central tarsal bone fractures?

Answer 2

I = nondisplaced dorsal slab fx
II = displaced dorsal slab fx
III = large displaced medial fragment
IV = medial slab fx with dorsal slab fx
V = comminuted fx

Question 3

What is the most common central tarsal bone fractrures?

Answer 3

75% IV or V

Question 4

What population do type IV central tarsal bone fractures occur and what side?

Answer 4

Racing greyhounds, usually on the right

Question 5

What range of movement is expressed the tarsocrural articulation?

Answer 5

90%

39 degrees in flexion, 164 in extension

Question 6

What arteries supply the dorsal and lateral aspect of the tarsus?

Answer 6

Dorsal metatarsal arteries

Saphenous -> cranial tibial -> dorsal pedal -> dorsal metatarsal

Question 7

What arteries supply the medial and plantar aspect of the tarsus?

Answer 7

Plantar branch of saphenous artery

Question 8

How is the tarsus innervated?

Answer 8

Two branches of the sciatic nerve: tibial nerve and common peroneal

Question 9

What tarsal bones do the calcaneous contact?

Answer 9

Talus, Tarsal bone IV, and small articulation with central tarsal bone

Question 10

What ligaments that need to be stabilized are found on the lateral aspect of the the tarsus versus medial?

Answer 10

Lateral = calcaneofibular
Medial = tibiotalar

Question 11

What are the 4 bellies of the triceps brachii?

Answer 11

Long
Lateral
Medial
Accessory

(MALL)

Question 12

What makes up the shoulder joint capsule?

Answer 12

• Labrum
• Lateral and medial glenohumeral ligaments
• Tendon of biceps brachii
• Tendons of subscapularis and coracobrachialis medially
• Tendons of supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor laterally

Question 12

Which ligament of the tarsus has a long and short band?

Answer 12

Medial and lateral collateral

Question 13

The long part of the medial collateral ligament of the tarsus is ____ in flexion and ____ in extension

Answer 13

Loose in flexion
Tight in extension

Question 14

The tibiocentral part of the short medial collateral ligament of the tarsus is ____ in flexion and ____ in extension

Answer 14

Loose in flexion
Tight in extension

Question 15

The tibiotalar part of the short medial collateral ligament of the tarsus is ____ in flexion and ____ in extension

Answer 15

Tight in flexion
Loose in extension

Question 16

Which of the following cross all 3 joints of the carpus: antebrachial muscles, tendons, carpal ligaments

Answer 16

Antebrachial muscles and tendons cross
Ligaments do not

Question 17

What muscles make up the common calcaneal tendon?

Answer 17

Gastrocnemius
SDF
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Gracili

BGGSS

Question 18

What is the only femoral attachment of the menisci?

Answer 18

Meniscofemoral ligament of lateral meniscus

Question 19

What type of accessory carpal bone fractures are sprain avulsion and which are intra-articular?

Answer 19

I-III sprain avulsion
I and II intra-articular

Question 20

What are the 5 types of accessory carpal bone fractures?

Answer 20

I = avulsion fx of distal margin of articular surface at attachment to ulnar carpal bone
II = proximal margin or articular surface at attachment that connects to distal radius and ulna
III = avulsion at distal surface at palmar end with attachments to 2 accessory metacarpal ligaments (4,5)
IV = avulsion at tendon insertion of FCU m. at caudoproximal surface
V = comminuted

Question 21

What ligaments are absent in the cat tarsus compared to dogs?

Answer 21

Medial and lateral LONG collateral ligaments

Question 22

How is a cat claw retractable?

Answer 22

Dorsal elastic ligament in middle and distal phalanx

Question 23

What muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?

Answer 23

• Deltoid
• Teres major/minor

Question 24

What muscles does the **suprascapular nerve** innervate?

Answer 24

- Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus

Question 25

What muscles does the **musculocutaneous nerve** innervate?

Answer 25

- Biceps brachii - Corachobrachialis - Brachialis

Question 26

What muscles does the **subscapular nerve** innervate?

Answer 26

Subscapularis

Question 27

What muscles does the **radial nerve** innervate?

Answer 27

- Triceps - Anconeus - Extensor carpi radialis - Tensor fascia antebrachii - Common digital extensor - Lateral digital extensor - Ulnaris lateralis

Question 28

What muscles does the **ulnar nerve** innervate?

Answer 28

- Flexor carpi ulnaris - Ulnar head of deep digital flexor

Question 29

What muscles does the **median nerve** innervate?

Answer 29

- Flexor carpi radialis - Pronator teres - Superficial digital flexor - Radial and humeral heads of deep digital flexor

Question 30

What are the external rotators of the hip?

Answer 30

- Internal and external obturator - Gemelli - Quadratus femoris

Question 31

Muscles that go from proximal to shoulder and insert on elbow

Answer 31

- Biceps brachii (supraglenoid tubercle to ulnar tuberosity) - Ticeps brachii (caudal scapula to olecrenon tuberosity)

Question 32

What are the actions of the femoral nerve?

Answer 32

Patellar reflex Flex hips Extends stifle Innervates quads (rectus fremoris, vastus)