Renal

Question 1

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 1

proteinuria >3g/day
hypoalbuminaemia
oedema

Question 2

nephritic syndrome

Answer 2

haematuria
hypertension
subnephrotic proteinuria
renal impairment

Question 3

nephrotic causes of glomerulonephritis

Answer 3

minimal change glomerulonephritis - nephrotic syndrome in children - pred

membranous nephropathy - nephrotic syndrome in adults - management: ACE/ARB

Question 4

nephritic causes of glomerulonephritis

Answer 4

IgA nephropathy - haematuria days after URTI in young adults
Post Strep GN - haematuria 2 weeks after URTI
Goodpastures - haematuria and haemoptysis

Question 5

causes of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 5

1. Primary Glomerulonephritis
   - minimal change disease (children)
   - membranous GN (adults)
   - focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (HIV/heroin)
2. Systemic disease - SLE, amyloidosis
3. Drugs - gold penicillamine

Question 6

causes of nephritic syndrome

Answer 6

Systemic
- post strep GN
- IgA vasculitis
- Hep C

Renal
- IgA nephropathy (bergers)
- Membranoproliferative GN
- repidly progressive GN (goodpastures, ANCA positive vasculitis e.g. GPA)

Question 7

management of IgA Nephropathy (bergers)

Answer 7

ACE inhibitor steroids if progressive CKD

Question 8

histopathogical appearance of membranous Glomerulonephritis

Answer 8

spike and dome

Question 9

AKI + DIARRHOEA IN CHILD

Answer 9

Haemolytic uraemia syndrome

Question 10

AKI + MUDDY BROWN CASTS

Answer 10

Acute tubular necrosis

Question 11

AKI + HAEMATURIA + NSAID USE + LOIN PAIN

Answer 11

Papillary necrosis

Question 12

RHABDOMYOLYSIS + AKI

Answer 12

Acute tubular necrosis from myoglobinuris

Question 13

Causes of papillary necrosis

Answer 13

NSAIDs
Sickle cell
Diabetes

Question 14

Management of CKD related anaemia

Answer 14

Check ferritin give feinject if <200
Consider EPO one iron replete

Question 15

Which skin cancer is more common risk factor of starting tacrolimus

Answer 15

SSC

Question 16

What is calciphylaxis

Answer 16

Calcification uraemia arteriopathy occurring in end stage renal disease
Cf: painful purport which may bleed
Can be triggered by warfarin use

Question 17

Ckd enfranchised <45 and urine infection what drug should you avoid

Answer 17

Nitrofuratoin

Question 18

eGFR <30 and diabetic which drug is contraindicated

Answer 18

Metformin