1
Q
1 tsp
A
5 mL
2
Q
1 tbsp
A
15 mL
3
Q
1 fl oz
A
30 mL
4
Q
1 cup
A
- 8 oz
- 240 mL
5
Q
1 pint
A
- 16 oz
- 480 mL
- 2 cups
6
Q
1 quart
A
- 2 pints (4 cups)
- 960 mL
7
Q
1 gallon
A
- 4 quarts ( 8 pints (16 cups)
- 3,840 mL
8
Q
1 kg
A
2.2 lbs
9
Q
1 oz
A
28.4 grams
10
Q
1 lb
A
- 454 grams
- 16 oz
11
Q
1 grain
A
65 mg
12
Q
mEq to mmol
A
- Monovalent ions: 1:1
- Divalent ions: 1:0.5
13
Q
1 inch
A
2.54 cm
14
Q
1 meter (m)
A
100 cm
15
Q
% w/v
A
X g / 100 mL
16
Q
% v/v
A
X ml / 100 mL
17
Q
%w/w
A
X g / 100 mL
18
Q
Percentage strength
A
100 / ratio strength
19
Q
Ratio strength
A
100 / percentage strength
20
Q
Parts per million (PPM) converted to percentage strength
A
move the decimal LEFT 4 place (divide by 10,000)
21
Q
Percentage strength converted to parts per million (PPM)
A
move the decimal RIGHT 4 places (multiply by 10,000)
22
Q
Specific Gravity (SG)
A
- Weight of substance (g) / weight of equal volume of water (g)
or - g / mL
23
Q
Dilution & Concentration (Changing Strength or Quantity)
A
Q1 x C1 = Q2 x C2
24
Q
mOsmol/L
A
[Wt of substance (g/L) / MW (g/mol)] x (# of particles) x 1,000
25
Isotonicity (E Value)
(58.5)(i) / (MW of drug)(1.8)
26
mols
- g / MW
or
- mg / MW
27
mEq
- (mg x valance) / MW
or
- mmols x valance
28
Carbs, Protein calories (EN)
4 kcal/gram
29
Fat calories (EN)
9 kcal/gram
30
Dextrose monohydrate calories (PN)
3.4 kcal/gram
31
Amino acid solutions calories (PN)
4 kcal/gram
32
ILE (injectable lipid emulsions) calories
- ILE 10% = 1.1 kcal/mL
- ILE 20% = 2 kcal/mL
- ILE 30% = 3 kcal/mL
33
Fluid Needs
When wt >20kg:
1,500 mL + (20 mL)*(weight in kg - 20)
(Can also estimate 30-40 mL/kg/day)
34
Total energy expenditure (TEE)
TEE = BEE x activity factor x stress factor
(activity factor: bed bound = 1.2 // out of bed 1.3)
35
Grams of Nitrogen from protein
N (g) = Protein intake (g) / 6.25
36
Corrected Ca
If albumin < 3:
Ca(corrected) = Ca + [(4.0 - albumin) x 0.8)
37
BMI
BMI (kg/m^2) = weight (kg) / [height (m)]^2
or
BMI = ( weight (lbs) / [height (inches)]^2 ) x 703
38
IBW (male and female)
- Male: IBW = 50 kg + (2.3 kg)*(number of inches over 5 ft)
- Female: IBW 45.5 kg + (2.3 kg)*(number of inches over 5 ft)
39
AdjBW
AdjBW = IBW + 0.4(TBW - IBW)
40
Which drugs use IBW for dosing
- Acyclovir
- Aminophylline
- Levothyroxine
- Theophylline (if normal or obese
41
Which drug uses AdjBW for dosing
Aminoglycosides (if obese)
42
Flow Rates/Drop factor (drops/mins)
#drops/min = #drops/mL x mL/hr x hr/60min
43
Dehydration (BUN:SCr ratio)
BUN:SCr > 20:1
44
CrCl
[(140 - age) / 72 x SCr] x weight kg (x 0.85 if female)
45
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) - acidosis vs alkalosis
- pH < 7.35 --> acidosis
- pH > 7.45 --> alkalosis
46
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) - respiratory vs metabolic
- Respiratory: pCO2 < 35 --> alkalosis // pCO2 > 45 --> acidosis
- Metabolic: HCO3 >26 --> alkalosis // HCO3 < 22 --> acidosis
47
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) - acidosis/alkalosis + respiratory/metabolic
Which abnormal value (pCO2 or HCO3) matches the pH?
- Ex: dec pH + Inc pCO2 --> respiratory acidosis
- Ex: dec pH + Dec HCO3 --> metabolic acidosis
48
Anion Gap
AG = Na - Cl - HCO3
49
pH calculation - Weak Acid
pH = pKa + log [salt/acid]
50
pH calculation - Weak Base
pH = pKa + log [base/salt]
51
Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)
ANC (cells/mm3) = WBC x [(% segs + % bands) / 100]
52
Fahrenheit to Celcius
C = (F - 32) / 1.8
53
Celcius to Fahrenheit
F = (C x 1.8) + 32
54
Time to Burn (TTB)
TTB (with sunscreen in mins) = SPF x TTB (without sunscreen)
55
Risk
Risk = # of subjects in group with an unfavorable event / total # of subjects in group
56
Relative Risk (RR)
RR = Risk in treatment group / risk in control group
57
Relative Risk Reduction (RRR)
RRR = (% risk in control group - % risk in treatment group) / % risk in the control group
58
Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR)
ARR = (% risk in control group) - (% risk in the treatment group)
59
NNT or NNH
NNT or NNH = 1 / ARR
(ARR expressed as decimal)
60
Odds Ratio (OR)
OR = AD / BC
61
Hazard Ratio (HR)
HR = (hazard rate in the treatment group) / (hazard rate in the control group)
62
Incremental Cost ratio
(C2 - C1) / (E2 - E1)
C=costs
E=effects
63
Pack-year smoking history
Pack-year smoking history = (cigarette packs/day) x years smoked
64
Insulin-to-Carbohydrate Ratio: Regular Insulin
Rule of 450:
450 / TDD = grams of CHO covered by 1 unit
65
Insulin-to-Carbohydrate Ratio: Rapid-acting Insulin
Rule of 500:
500 / TDD = grams of CHO covered by 1 unit
66
Correction Factor: Regular Insulin
1,500 Rule:
1,500 / TDD = correction factor for 1 unit
67
Correction Factor: Rapid-Acting Insulin
1,800 Rule:
1,800 / TDD = correction factor for 1 unit
68
Correction Dose
[(BG now) - (Target BG)] / correction factor = correction dose
69
Friedewald Equation
LDL = TC - HDL - TG/5
(do not use if TG > 400)
70
Minimum Weighable Quantity (MWQ)
MWQ = Sensitivity requirement / acceptable error rate (usually 0.05)
71
BSA
BSA (m2) = Square root of: [(Ht (cm)*wt(kg)) / 3,600]
72
Bioavailability (F)
F (%) = 100 x [AUC extravascular / AUC intravenous] x [DOSE intravenous / DOSE extravascular]
73
Volume of Distribution (Vd)
Vd = Amount of drug in body / concentration of drug in plasma
74
Clearance (Cl)
Cl = (F x dose) / AUC
or
Cl = ke x Vd
75
Elimination Rate Constant (ke)
ke = Cl / Vd
76
Predicting drug concentrations
C2 = C1 x e^-kt
or
ke = [ln(C1/C2)] / t
77
half life (t 1/2)
t 1/2 = 0.693 / ke
78
Loading Dose
LD = (desired concentration x Vd) / F
79
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
MAP = [(2 x diastolic pressure) + systolic pressure] / 3
80
Phenytoin (total) correction
If Albumin <3.5:
Phenytoin = total phenytoin measured / [(0.2 x albumin) + 0.1]
