Free oscillations
Where an undamped oscillator is allowed to vibrate freely at its natural frequency
Forced oscillations
A periodic force is applied to an oscillator. This force adds / removes energy depending on whether or not it is in phase with the oscillations
Resonance
When the natural frequency of the driver is equal to the natural frequency of the driven oscillator.
Produces maximum amplitude of oscillations.
Critical damping
Amplitude tends to zero in T/4