Respiration

Question 1

The respiratory defence system primarily protects:

A. The bronchial cartilage
B. The respiratory muscles
C. The delicate alveolar gas exchange surfaces
D. The diaphragm

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The three components of the mucociliary transport (MCT) system are:

A. Cilia, mucus, cartilage
B. Cilia, aqueous (sol) layer, viscous (gel) layer
C. Goblet cells, surfactant, plasma
D. Sol layer, alveoli, bronchioles

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Cilia beat at approximately:

A. 5 cycles per second
B. 10 cycles per second
C. 20 cycles per second
D. 40 cycles per second

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Mucus is normally propelled at a rate of approximately:

A. 0.5 cm/min
B. 1 cm/min
C. 5 cm/min
D. 2 cm/min

Answer 4

D

Question 5

Goblet cells primarily secrete:

A. Surfactant
B. Serous fluid
C. Carbonic acid
D. Mucus

Answer 5

D

Question 6

Normal daily mucus production in healthy adults is approximately:

A. 10–100 ml
B. 200–300 ml
C. 1 litre
D. 5 ml

Answer 6

A

Question 7

Ciliary movement is impaired by:

A. Only reduced periciliary fluid
B. Only increased periciliary fluid
C. Neither dehydration nor oedema
D. Both increased and reduced periciliary fluid levels

Answer 7

D

Question 8

The respiratory portion of the airway begins:

A. At the trachea
B. Beyond the terminal bronchioles
C. At the main bronchi
D. In the pharynx

Answer 8

B

Question 9

Cyanosis becomes clinically apparent at approximately:

A. 95% saturation
B. 90% saturation
C. 70% saturation
D. 50% saturation

Answer 9

C

Question 10

A rightward shift of the oxygen dissociation curve indicates:

A. Increased haemoglobin affinity for oxygen
B. Decreased oxygen unloading
C. Reduced haemoglobin affinity for oxygen
D. Increased oxygen binding in the lungs only

Answer 10

C

Question 11

Increased temperature has what effect on haemoglobin affinity for oxygen?

A. Increases affinity
B. Decreases affinity
C. No effect
D. Stops oxygen binding

Answer 11

B

Question 12

What are the 4 lung volumes and what do they mean?

Answer 12

Tidal volume = amount of air moved in or out of lungs during 1 resp cycle
Expiratory reserve volume = amount of air that can be voluntarily exhaled after completing resp cycle
Inspiratory reserve volume = max amount of air inhaled over and above TV
Residual volume = volume remaining in lungs after maximal expiration

Question 13

What are the 4 lung capacities and what do they mean?

Answer 13

Vital capacity = max amount of air inhaled and exhaled in 1 resp cycle (ERV+TV+IRV)
Inspiratory capacity = volume air inhaled after normal expiration (TV+IRV)
Functional residual capacity = volume remaining in lungs after expiration (ERV+RV)
Total lung capacity = total volume of lungs (VC+RV)