Respiratory System Development

Question 1

Trachea and lungs begin to form during:

A. Month 1
B. Month 2
C. Month 6
D. Month 7

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Alveoli begin to form in:

A. Month 5
B. Month 6
C. Month 7
D. Month 9

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Before birth, the foetal lungs are:

A. Fully expanded
B. Air-filled
C. Collapsed and filled with amniotic fluid
D. Functioning for gas exchange

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In foetal circulation, most blood bypasses the lungs via the:

A. Ductus arteriosus
B. Pulmonary trunk
C. Umbilical vein
D. Foramen ovale

Answer 4

D

Question 5

The first breath of a neonate helps open alveoli primarily by:

A. Increasing surfactant immediately
B. Creating sufficient negative pressure
C. Increasing pulmonary blood flow first
D. Closing the foramen ovale

Answer 5

B

Question 6

A baby born before 24 weeks gestation has poor survival mainly due to:

A. Excess surfactant
B. Overdeveloped alveoli
C. Immature lung development
D. Excess pulmonary blood flow

Answer 6

C

Question 7

The pseudoglandular period occurs during:

A. Weeks 3–5
B. Weeks 6–16
C. Weeks 17–24
D. Weeks 24–term

Answer 7

B

Question 8

The air-blood barrier first appears during the:

A. Embryonic period
B. Pseudoglandular period
C. Canalicular period
D. Terminal sac period

Answer 8

C

Question 9

Surfactant synthesis begins around:

A. Week 10
B. Week 16
C. Week 19
D. Week 20

Answer 9

D

Question 10

Type II pneumocytes are responsible for:

A. Gas diffusion
B. Surfactant synthesis and storage
C. Forming capillaries
D. Producing cartilage

Answer 10

B

Question 11

A newborn has approximately how many alveoli?

A. 50 million
B. 150 million
C. 300 million
D. 480 million

Answer 11

B

Question 12

By what age is alveolar growth considered complete?

A. 3 years
B. 4 years
C. 7 years
D. 10 years

Answer 12

C

Question 13

Surfactant primarily:

A. Increases surface tension
B. Promotes alveolar collapse
C. Thickens alveolar walls
D. Decreases surface tension to prevent collapse

Answer 13

D

Question 14

The infant thorax is:

A. Elliptical
B. Cylindrical
C. Flattened
D. Funnel-shaped

Answer 14

C

Question 15

Due to horizontal ribs in newborns:

A. Pump handle movement is exaggerated
B. Calliper action is increased
C. Bucket handle movement is limited
D. Rib movement is identical to adults

Answer 15

C

Question 16

In infants, the primary muscle of respiration is the:

A. Intercostal muscles
B. Abdominals
C. Sternocleidomastoid
D. Diaphragm

Answer 16

D

Question 17

The diaphragm has how many major openings?

A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five

Answer 17

B

Question 18

Infants under 6 months are preferential:

A. Mouth breathers
B. Nasal breathers
C. Diaphragmatic-only breathers
D. Thoracic breathers

Answer 18

B

Question 19

The neonatal trachea diameter is approximately:

A. 1–2 mm
B. 2–3 mm
C. 4–5 mm
D. 8–10 mm

Answer 19

C

Question 20

True alveoli develop after approximately:

A. 24 weeks
B. 30 weeks
C. 32 weeks
D. 36 weeks gestation

Answer 20

D

Question 21

Pores of Kohn typically develop between:

A. Birth and 6 months
B. 1–2 years
C. 3–4 years
D. 6–7 years

Answer 21

B

Question 22

Canals of Lambert develop at approximately:

A. 1 year
B. 2 years
C. 6 years
D. 10 years

Answer 22

C

Question 23

Neonates are at increased risk of alveolar collapse because:

A. They have excess collateral ventilation
B. Their distal airways are oversized
C. Their ribs are rigid
D. Collateral ventilation channels are poorly developed

Answer 23

D