Human Anatomy > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

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1
Q

The visceral pleura covers the:

A

outer surface of the lung

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2
Q

An area common to both the respiratory and digestive system through which food, drink, and air pass is the:

A

oropharynx

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3
Q

Which structure is the last, smallest portion of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

A

terminal bronchiole

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4
Q

The ____________ cartilage of the larynx forms the laryngeal prominence (“Adam’s apple”).

A

thyroid

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5
Q

The C-shaped cartilages in the trachea:

A

hold the trachea open and allow for swallowing

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6
Q

The epithelium lining the alveoli is:

A

simple squamous

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7
Q

Gas exchange occurs in the:

A

upper respiratory tract.

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8
Q

upper respiratory tract includes:

A
  • nose and naval cavities
    -nares
    -nasal septum
    -hard palate
    -soft palate
  • paranasal sinuses
  • pharynx [3 regions]

-within conducting portion of the respiratory system

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9
Q

what are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A

frontal
ethmoidal
sphenoidal
maxillary

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10
Q

Respiratory system functions

A
  • pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
    *** Inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation (expiration)
  • gas exchange
    [external respiration exchanges gas between atmosphere and blood]
    [internal respiration exchanges gas between blood and body cells]
  • gas/air conditioning (Warming, humidifying, cleansing)
  • sound production: larynx crucial for speech and singing
  • olfaction
  • defense- protection against airborne pathogens
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11
Q

Pharynx

-3 regions

A

nasopharynx [pseudostratified ciliated columnar ET]
oropharynx [unkeratinized stratified squamous ET to resist abrasion from food]
laryngopharynx [unkeratinized stratified squamous ET to resist abrasion from food]

“the throat”
lined with a mucosa
has skeletal muscle for swallowing control

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12
Q

larynx

A

“the voice box” - houses vocal chords & manipulates pitch and sound volume

connects the pharynx to the trachea

-supported by framework of cartilages

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13
Q

trachea

A

“the windpipe”

travels anterior to esophagus, inferior to larynx, superior to main bronchi

supported by C shaped tracheal cartilages connected by annular ligaments

-has the mucociliary escalator: removes pathogens

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14
Q

bronchial tree

A

trachea splits into right and left main (primary) bronchi

-each main bronchus divides into lobar (secondary) bronchi

-final segment of conducting pathway= terminal bronchioles

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15
Q

terminal bronchioles branch into-

A

respiratory bronchioles

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16
Q

respiratory bronchioles branch into-

A

alveolar ducts

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16
Q

alveolar ducts end with dilated:

A

alveolar sac

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17
Q

lung lobes are separated by:

A

depressions/lines called fissures

right lung- 3 lobes [superior, middle, inferior] – horizontal & oblique fissure.

left lung- 2 lobes [superior & inferior w/ oblique fissue]

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18
Q

the superior region of the lung is called:

inferior region is the:

A

apex

base (rests on diaphragm)

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19
Q

differences between the left and right lung

A
  • left lung is slightly smaller to accommodate the fact that the heart projects into the left side of the thoracic cavity

*left lung has 2 lobes, right has 3

  • left lung has some depressions to accomodate heart (cardiac impression on medial surface) & cardiac notch —- these allow heart to occupy space
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20
Q

The structure in the head/neck that is a common passageway for both food and air is the:

A

pharynx

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21
Q

lower respiratory system includes:

A
  • cartilages
    -epiglottis; thyroid; cricoid; corniculate; arytenoid
  • Larynx
    -hyoid bone
    -vocal folds [false vestibular, & true]
  • Trachea
    -trachealis muscle; carina
  • Bronchi
    -primary, secondary, tertiary
  • Lung airways
    -bronchioles, alveoli
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22
Q

alveoli are lined with-

A

simple squamous ET

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23
Q

lungs are surrounded by-

A

pleural membrane

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24
which lung is larger?
right lung is larger
25
The tiny round spaces in the lung where gas exchange occurs are:
alveoli
26
What is found at the location indicated by A? D?
A- nasal turbinates D- trachea
27
identify the side of A and B
A- right B- left
28
From the upper respiratory passages to the lower passages and finally to the alveoli, the amount of hyaline cartilage and goblet cells gradually _____________
decreases
29
From the upper respiratory passages to the lower passages and finally to the alveoli, epithelial tissue changes from:
taller (pseudostratified) to shorter (cuboidal) and finally to flat (squamous)
30
Identify this area
lung [has alveoli]
31
What type of cells are found in the alveoli?
Type 1 epithelial & endothelial Type 2 Macrophages
32
Respiratory bronchiole [t=terminal]
33
What is the arrow pointing to?
Terminal bronchiole
34
Identify A
primary bronchi
35
identify the purple
trachea
36
identify A
Carina of trachea
37
identify A and B
A- hard palate B- soft palate
38
what is the highlighted area
uvula
39
identify A and B
A- palatoglossal arch B- palatopharyngeal arch
40
label the colored parts
blue- nasopharynx green- oropharynx purple- laryngopharynx
41
what is circled?
pharynx
42
identify this
larynx
43
identify circled area
epiglottis
44
identify 5/circled area
thyroid cartilage
45
identify 6/circled area
cricoid cartilage
46
identify the circled area
arytenoid cartilage [posterior]
47
identify #3
corniculate cartilages
48
identify the yellow and red
yellow- true vocal cords red- false, vestibular folds
49
identify the blue
arytenoid cartilage
50
identify the blue
cricoid cartilage
51
identify the blue
vocal folds
52
identify the blue
superior lobe of right lung
53
identify the blue
superior lobe of left lung
54
identify the blue
right lung
55
what is it pointing to?
oblique fissure of left lung
56
identify the circled area
middle lobe of right lung
57
identify circled area
horizontal fissure of the right lung
58
identify circled area
oblique fissure of right lung
59
identify circled area
inferior lobe of right lung
60
identify circled area
inferior lobe of the left lung
61
identify A
Cardiac notch (of left lung)
62
identify the green
hilum of lung
63
Trachealis
The trachealis muscle lies posterior to the trachea
64
what contains pharyngeal tonsil?
nasopharynx
65
________________ lacks cartilage but has significant amounts of smooth muscle in wall
bronchiole
66
what causes air turbulence in nasal cavity?
nasal conchae
67
what has a cardiac notch and cardiac impression?
left lung
68
cricoid cartilage is made of-
solid ring of hyaline cartilage
69
______________branches directly from the trachea
main bronchus
70
what cell produces pulmonary surfactant?
alveolar type II cell
71
vocal folds attach to ____________
arytenoid cartilage
72
what is the phagocytic cell in alveoli?
alveolar macrophage
73
what covers laryngeal opening when swallowing?
epiglottis
74
diaphragm, internal, and external intercostals are all muscles of :
respiration
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