respiratory system

Question 1

2 parts of the respiratory system

Answer 1

1. upper respiratory track
   - nose pharynx and larynx
2. lower respiratory track
   - trachea bronchioles, lungs

Question 2

trachea

Answer 2

start of lower respiratory track
provides unabstructed air flow

Question 3

tracheotomy

Answer 3

procedure to open airway trachea up

Question 4

bronchi/ bronchioles

Answer 4

branching structures that extend from trachea

primary chonchi, secondary bronchi….

Question 5

lungs (lobes, where)

Answer 5

1. right w 3 lobes
2. left w 2 lobes

@throatic cavity

Question 6

pleural sac

Answer 6

thin bylayer in lungs that surround outer lung epithelium

protects lungs from damage

Question 7

aveoli (what)

Answer 7

end of each bronchioli
tiny, moist membrance bound sacs
site of gas exchange

Question 8

explain gas exchange

Answer 8

deoxygenated blood enters lungs and becomes oxygenated from diffusion of oxygen through aveoli membrane

simultaneously, oxygen is exchanged from co2

Question 9

2 types of gas exchange

Answer 9

1. countercurrent exchange mechanism
   gas moves one direction that is opposite to the movement of co2
   (GILLS)
2. two-directional (mammals)
   structure of aveoli in mammals
   both gases circulate within aveoli

Question 10

diaphram and respiration

Answer 10

= thin muscle that sist at base of the ribcage

1. ingalation= diaphram contracts/ lungs grow in size, air enters
   neg pressure
2. exhalation
   diaphram relaxes/ lungs shrink, air leaves
   pos pressure

Question 11

pressure and volume are ____ related

Answer 11

inverseley

Question 12

how does the body monitor respiration

Answer 12

1. chemoflex= complex network of sensory imputs that connect onto the respiratory center in brainsttem
   - chemoreceptores= monitor chemical content of the blood to determine if enouh oxygen is present
2. chanorecptors= detect stretching of the tissue and any irritants in airway

Question 13

3 factors that determine binding affinity of oxygen

Answer 13

1. partial pressure
   incr p= increase binding of O
2. temperature of blood
   higher temp= higher binding aff
3. pH of blood
   higher ph= higher binding O

Answer 14

n

Question 15

importance of blood pH and what happenss if not ideal

Answer 15

1. blood acidoses= acidic less than 7.4
2. blood alkalois= basic higher than 7.4
3. cyanide poisoning= blood alkalosis bc o2 is unable to bind to complex in etc

Question 16

asthma

Answer 16

when aiways (bronchi and bronchioles) swell due to tightening spasm of smooth muscles lining these airways

asthma attacks= mcus and asthma things cause it

inhailer= contains compund abuterol which smoothes muscles in airways, pprevent broncho spasms

Question 17

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)

Answer 17

= class of disorders that affect someones ability to breathe

treatment= rescue inhaler or sterioids which help prevent lung damage and open up airways

conditions include= emphysema or chronic brocaitis

Question 18

pulmonary edema

Answer 18

= accumulation of fuild build up in the lungs (aveoli) which affects gas exchange
detected through chest x ray

treatment= pharmocological w drugs used to treat high blood pressure

high altitude pulmonary edema

Question 19

psnemonia

Answer 19

inflammation of bronchioles and accumulation of fluid in aveoli (interfer w gas exhange)