Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the function of the respiration system?

Answer 1

• Supply cells with oxygen

- Remove carbon dioxide waste

Question 2

Functions of Nose and Nasal cavity

Answer 2

• Inhaling and Exhaling

- Mucas lining and hairs (cilia) prevents foreign objects entering, warms the air and filters out impurities

Question 3

Functions of the Mouth and Oral cavity

Answer 3

• Secondary point of inhaling and exhaling

- Common tube of transport for both respiratory and digestive system

Question 4

Function of the Pharynx

Answer 4

• Common tube of transport for both respiratory and digestive system

Question 5

Function of the Larnyx?

Answer 5

• A passageway for air movement

- Contains vocal chords for speech

Question 6

Function of the Epiglottis?

Answer 6

• Hinged valve controlling air movement into tracea and food into oesophagus
• Prevents the reverse

Question 7

Function of the trachea

Answer 7

• Tube for air movement
• Armoured with cartridge rings to prevent collapse
• Contains glands to moisten air and trap particle

Question 8

Function of the lungs

Answer 8

• Exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen and vice versa
• Each lung is inside 2 membranes called the pleura
• The right Lung is 3 lobes, while the left has 2 due to the heart

Question 9

Function of the Bronchi

Answer 9

• 2 branches from the end of trachea, one to each lung as well of major subdivisions of these
• Also contains glands and cartlidge

Question 10

Function of the Bronchioles?

Answer 10

• Smaller subdivisions of Bronchi

- Air in Bronchioles is at body temprature, filtered and moisturised

Question 11

Function of the aveoli?

Answer 11

• Air sacs that are one cell thick
• Look like grapes
• Closely linked to capillaries
• Used for gas exchange

Question 12

Function of the ribcage?

Answer 12

• protects lungs and thoracic organs

- Used with intercostal muscles during breathing

Question 13

What are Intercostal muscles?

Answer 13

• Muscles between ribcage that contract and relax during breathing

Question 14

Function of the diaphram?

Answer 14

• Dome shaped muscle in bottom of ribcage

- Forms floor of thorcic cavity and roof of abdominal cavity

Question 15

Describe Breathing

Answer 15

• To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide there must be a method for bringing air into and out of the lungs
• Includes the processes of inspiration and expiration

Question 16

Mechanism for breathing

Answer 16

• Breathing relies on the passive ovement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low prssure

Question 17

What is inspiration

Answer 17

• Taking air into the lungs
• Air flows from high pressure to low pressure
• Lung volume increases, lowering air pressure in the lungs

Question 18

Mechanics for Inspiration

Answer 18

• Diaphragm contracts, extending the chest cavity downwards
• External intercostal muscles contract extending the rib cage upwards and outwards
• The internal intercostal muscles relax
• As the pleura adheres to the internal wall of the chest cavity the lungs expand with the rib cage
• Air pressure now lower than the outside lungs causing air to flow in through the nose and trachea until air pressure stabilises

Question 19

What is expiration

Answer 19

• Moving air out of the lungs

-

Question 20

What is expiration

Answer 20

• Moving air out of the lungs
• Air flows from high to low pressure
• Lung volume decreases, increasing air pressure in the lungs
• Diaphragm relaxes, pushing the chest cavity upwards
• The internal intercostal muscles contract moving rib cage downwards and inwards
• External intercostal muscles relax

Question 21

Rest and Exertion

Answer 21

• At rest the diaphragm is mainly responsible for changes in chest volume
• During heavier breathing movements of the rib cage become more important

Question 22

Damage to the Pleura

Answer 22

• If the Pleura is damaged it can impact on lung expansion and cause significant pain

Question 23

Symptoms of Asthma

Answer 23

• Shortness of breath (especially at night)
• Wheezing - a whistling or hissing sound when breathing out
• Coughing - may be chronic( usually at night or when exposed to dry air)
• Chest tightness

Question 24

Symptoms of Asthma

Answer 24

-

Question 25

Causes of Asthma

Answer 25

- Narrowing of the breaching airways, which interferes with normal movement of air into and out of the lungs

Question 26

What is Bronchitis

Answer 26

A condition that occurs when the inner wals lining the main air passage of the lungs becomes infected and imflammed

Question 27

Causes of Bronchitis

Answer 27

- caused by same virus that causes colds - can develop from exposure to irratants - can be brought on by gastroesophagel reflux disease

Question 28

Causes of Bronchitis

Answer 28

- caused by same virus that causes colds | - can develop from exposure to irratants

Question 29

What is emphysema

Answer 29

occurs do to lack of elasticity in the walls of the aveoli. Eventually the walls stretch and break which results in less efficient gas exchange

Question 30

Describe the heart

Answer 30

- The pump that pushes blood around your body | - Membrane surrounding the heart = the pericardium which keeps the heart in place and stops it from overstretching

Question 31

Describe the valves in the heart

Answer 31

- atrioventricular valves are between the atria and ventricles so blood cannot flow back into the ventricles. They have 2 cup/flaps of skin - semi lunar valves = where blood leaves the heart. they have 3 flaps of skin

Question 32

Describe blood vessels

Answer 32

- Blood flows around the body in blood vessels in a continuous pattern called circulation

Question 33

What is an artery

Answer 33

Carries blood AWAY from the heart

Question 34

What is a capillary?

Answer 34

Carries blood bewteen the cells

Question 35

What is a vein?

Answer 35

Carries blood TO the heart

Question 36

Describe blood flow in the arteries?

Answer 36

- Arteries are made of walls of smooth muscle and elastic fibres so they can stretch when blood is pumped into them

Question 37

Describe smooth muscle contraction

Answer 37

When the muscles in the walls contract or relax, they are reducing or increasing the diameter of the artery to decrease/increase flow of blood in the body - Contraction = vasonconstriction - Relaxing = vasodilation

Question 38

Arteries and Arteroles

Answer 38

- Arteries subdivide into smaller vessels (arterioles). They are the vessels that supply capillaries with blood - They have walls of smooth muscle that comtract and relax to supply capillaries

Question 39

Describe blood flow in veins

Answer 39

Veins sub divide into venules - They dont have muscles walls and cannot chnage their diameter - Waste products act as vasodilators - Blood flow is constant is low - Passeses vaves to stop backflow