Summary for test

Question 1

define mechanical digestion

Answer 1

• breaking down food
• Chewing
• stomach churning
• muscle contracting

Question 2

Role of tongue

Answer 2

steer food to be crushed + rinded

turns it into a ball (Bolus) to be sallowed

Question 3

What is epiglottis

Answer 3

flap that controls food holes

Question 4

What are the different sphincter

Answer 4

Cardiac sphincter: top of stomach
Pyloric sphincter: bottom of stomach
Anal sphincter: bottom of anus

Question 5

What is salivary amylase

Answer 5

breaks down carbohydrates in the mouty

Question 6

Chemicals present in stomach

Answer 6

• stomach acid

- gastric juice - used for breaking down large particles into smaller ones. aslo kills bacteria

Question 7

Stomach walls lined with mucas

Answer 7

• lubricates the walls of the stomach

- physical barrier

Question 8

duodenum

Answer 8

• where bile is entered through the bile duct

-

Question 9

Types of acids

Answer 9

Protease- breaks doen proteins
Lipase- breaks doen lipids
amylase- breaks down carbohydrates

Question 10

Bile

Answer 10

• made in liver
• stored in gall bladder
• used to break down lipids (emulsification)

Question 11

Illeum and jenmum

Answer 11

• large surface area
• contains villi: surface covered in microvilli
• arteries + veins inside villi
• absorption into the lateral (lymphatic sytem) fat molecules cant diffuse through because of their size

Question 12

Large intestine

Answer 12

• larger diameter
• ceacum makes beginning of the large intestine
• absorbs water and minerals
• Assending, transversing and decending

Question 13

describe glomerulus (kidney)

Answer 13

higher blood flow because vein leading outwards has a smaller diameter than artery leading in

Question 14

Bowmans capsule

Answer 14

holds glomerules

Question 15

Proximinal convoluted tube

Answer 15

filters out water, glucose and amino acids

Question 16

loop of henle

Answer 16

• dips down into medulla
• role: water absorption
• water is aborped out due to osmosis and the salt on the outside

Question 17

deamination

Answer 17

nitrogen is removed from amino acids. forms ammonia (toxic to body) to form urea

Question 18

distal convoluted tube

Answer 18

secretion occurs

Question 19

What is secretion

Answer 19

body pushing unwanted materials back= removes waste

- hrdorgen and penecillin

Question 20

chemical digestion

Answer 20

the breakdown of large molecules with a differet chemical structure
- involves an enzyme