what happened to the orchestra in the romantic era?
it grew larger and incorporated instruments which had been recently developed or improved (resulting in a greater available range to write for)
what was the importance of nationalism in the romantic era?
there was a growing national identity throughout europe among the middle class which resulted in themes and subject matter using characteristic traditional melodies and rhythmns
what type of piece was there a greater demand for in the romantic era?
simple repertoir and short pieces which could played in the home, often on a solo piano which were becoming more popular among the middle class
what was important during the romantic period?
personal expression, reflection, nature and highly expressive music
what was romanticism a response to?
disillusionment with with the enlightenment values of reason and order in the aftermath of the industrial revolution and the french revolution - anxieties about dehumanisation of society and loss of natural beauty
how was literature important in romantic music?
it was often the inspiration for works - romantic poetry and literature was well known and often read aloud inside the home
what instrumental evolution was there in the romantic era?
technological advances: valved brass, piano expansion; performing techniques; instrument availability
when was the romantic movement in literature?
about 1800 - 1840 (1798 - 1837)
when was the romantic movement in music?
1820 - 1910
what did the popularity of the supernatural in the romantic period result in?
major composition of requiem masses for the dead (think dies ire)
what three major things changed for music in the romantic period?
composers began breaking rules of form and structure, utilising dissonance, and expanding instrumentation
what is a recurring theme or subject called?
idée fixe / leitmotif
what happened to structure of music in the romantic period?
longer development sections and codettas (as well as way more key changes)
what was the “cult of the artist”?
an idea which elevated certain composers and performers to the level of misunderstood geniuses and provided them with devout followers
what are five key parts of this “program music” topic?
the concert overture, the symphonic poem, the program symphony, solo piano works, and nationalism
what is a program, in regards to music?
“a preface added to a piece of instrumental music by means of which the composer intends to guard the listener against a wrong poetical interpretation”
what is a concert overture?
originally intended to be an opening to a larger work, eventually a complete work based on a non-musical story or visual scene
what is a symphonic poem?
a musical composition for orchestra inspired by an extra-musical idea, (single movement, evolved from the concert overture) invented by liszt
what is a program symphony?
a multi-movement composition which depicts or is inspired by a story and accompanied by an explanation of the music (symphonie fantastique)
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haydn, mozart and beethoven22
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keyboard instruments13
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grade 6 theory101
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classical music genres (sonatas, symphonies, quartets, etc)26
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old instruments!4
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bessie smith14
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mozart's sinfonia concertante (K364)30
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romanticism context19
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mendellsohn, tchaikovsky, berlioz and liszt15
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the bops!28
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blues, jazz, and swing38
