where was bebop originally developed?
in minton’s playhouse after the war, swing had become too commercial
who is seen as the creator of bebop?
charlie parker in 1939
what are some of the key features of bebop?
technical skill, structured chromaticism, spontaneous and frantic sound, emphasis on soloists, a focus on listening rather than dancing, a creative art form
who was dizzy gillepsie?
a virtuosic trumpet player famous for his bent trumpet
who was charlie parker?
a bebop saxophonist who is credited with the creation of bebop and struggled with addiction throughout his life
what impact did WW2 have on music?
shortages after the war meant there was limited shellac for making discs, amusement tax raised prices of hiring venues to perform, there was a recording ban in effect during 1942 - 1944
what technological advancements were there in music after WW2?
in the late 40s 45rpms were introduced, as well as multi-track recording being developed
what was the instrumentation of bebop groups like?
usually quintets
sax, trumpet, string bass, drums, and piano
what, at its core, is bebop?
an intellectual approach to jazz theory
head arrangements with improvisation and virtuosic solos
what were contrafacts?
a bebop melody over chord progressions taken from a jazz standard
who was thelonious monk?
a bebop pianist with a unique improvisational style
what was the standard structure of bebop songs?
head, solos, unison head (32 bar AABA/ABAB)
what did bebop sometimes add which hadn’t yet been used in jazz?
amped guitar and latin rhythmns
when did cool jazz start?
1959
what was the most important cool jazz albums of 1959?
miles davis, kind of blue (no. 1 jazz album of all time)
what is modal jazz?
improvising over a mode rather than chords in a certain key
for example, flamenco sketches (miles davis)
why was cool jazz invented?
as a reaction to bebop, which branched off into hard bop and cool jazz
what are some key features of cool jazz?
relaxed tempos, lyrical melodies, whispery sax and muted trumpet
what are the main influences of cool jazz?
it is a blend of jazz and classical music, with influences from debussy, gershwin, and stravinsky
what does cool jazz experiment with?
modes, time signatures, and instruments (french horns and oboes in larger groups)
what is third stream?
a term coined in 1957 to describe the synthesis of classical music and jazz
who started third stream music?
gunther schuller championed and named it
what are the five “bops”?
bebop, cubop, hard bop, cool jazz and modal
what instrumentation does cubop use?
brass and rhythm with cuban percussion (congas, bongos, timbales, maracas, cowbell)
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haydn, mozart and beethoven22
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keyboard instruments13
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grade 6 theory101
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classical music genres (sonatas, symphonies, quartets, etc)26
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old instruments!4
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bessie smith14
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mozart's sinfonia concertante (K364)30
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romanticism context19
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mendellsohn, tchaikovsky, berlioz and liszt15
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the bops!28
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blues, jazz, and swing38
