What is cancer? How does cancer originate?
a disease where cells cant stop dividing, grow uncontrollably and out of control, forming a mass called a tumor and potentially spreading to other parts of the body
tumor=no longer actively dividing
benign tumor
tumur=Actively growing and has potential to spread to other parts of the body
malignant tumor:
Why do cells divide?
-To repair (gap in tissue)
-Growth (bones getting longer bc of getting taller so cells need to divide)
-Reproduction of cells/reproduction (to have a baby!)
-Size! Cells cannot grow to be to big. To big=less effective
Volume/surface area, which grows at a faster rate
Volume increases at a faster rate
Cell cycle
A series of events of a cells life from the moment its formed ending in cell division
Phases of Cell cycle=
Interphase
-G1 stage
-S stage
-G2 stage
M PHASE
-Mitosis
-Prophase
-Metaphase
-Anaphase
-Telephase
-Cytokinesis
term for the unofficial final stage of cell cycle=
Apoptosis=programmed cell death
chromatin
DNA that is before cell division forms chromosomes
What holds the two chromatids together
centromere
similarities and differences between prokaryote and eukariote in cell division
Differences= Prokaryotes have no nucleus and are much quicker in cell division. BINNARY FISSION They also only have one chromosome.
EUKARYOTES=MITOSIS/MIOSIS
Similarities: Still duplicating contents in order to be split
MITOSIS
DIVISION OF THE NUCLEUOS
-Prophase
-Metaphase
-Anaphase
-Telephase
Cytokenisis
Division of the
cytoplasm
Prophase
-Nucleus disappears
-Centrosomes/Centrioles move
-Spindle fibers form – mitotic spindle
Kinetochore fibers/ Kinetochore
Polar fibers
metaphase
the cell’s fully condensed chromosomes line up precisely at the cell’s equator, forming the metaphase plate, while spindle fibers attach to each chromosome’s centromere, ensuring they’re perfectly aligned for equal separation
Anaphase
Anaphase= cetnromeres split, and daughter chomoromes on each side, 46, and 46.
Motter protein: in the centromere walks along the spindle fiber.
Telephase
Telephase= cell starts to split, has to reverse everything in prophase. Now that copies have split they are placed back where they belong. Reform two nuclei. Chromosomes turn back into chromatin. Spindle fibers broken down, and centrioles go back to next to nucleus.
Cytokinesis in plant vs. animal
Animal cells – cleavage furrow
Plant cells – form cell plate
