What is microevolution?
The gradual change that a population undergoes over many generations as it evolves.
What is a population?
A group of individuals of the same species living in a particular location at a given point in time.
What does microevolution involves?
A change in the phenotype of the individuals in a population over time.
phenotypes are in part determined by the alleles
What is an allele frequency?
How often an allele shows up in a population.
How can evolution be defined as?
A change in allele frequencies in a population over time.
What is a gene pool?
The total of all alleles of all genes in a population.
How can the Hardy-Weinberg principle can be false?
When the population is evolving
What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle? What happens when a population is at its equilibrium?
Allele frequencies will not change in a population where alleles are passed on based on probability.
The allele frequencies stay the same over generations.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle’s equation? What is the equation for a population with only 2 alleles for 1 gene locus?
- p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
p = allele frequency of the dominant allele
q = allele frequency of the recessive allele
p^2 = genotype frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
q^2 = genotype frequency of homozygous recessive allele
2pq = genotype frequency of heterozygous genotype
- p + q = 1
What is the product rule of probability’s principle?
The probability of two independent events both occuring is equal to the product of the probabilities of each independent event.
P(1 and 2 occuring) = P1 x P2
What could change allele frequencies? If it disrupts the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what can it cause?
- Mutations
- Restricted population
- Non-random mating
- Individuals enters and leave the population
- Natural selection
Evolution
What are the factors that can cause evolution?
- Natural selection
- Mutation
- Gene flow
- Genetic drift
- Non-random mating
What is natural selection?
