1
Q
What do the processes that enable an animal to obtain nutrients match?
A
The animal’s circumstances and need for energy
2
Q
How is the nervous system connected to the digestive system?
A
When the tongue senses food on it, it triggers saliva production and peristalsis
3
Q
How is the endocrine system connected to the digestive system
A
The endocrine system regulates secretion of enzymes, as they are expensive to make. It also regulates appetite.
4
Q
Give an example of the relation between the nervous, digestive, and endocrine system (Stomach)
A
- Physical stretching of stomach walls triggers nervous system
- This triggers release of gastrin from the stomach
- Gastrin circulates through the blood back to stomach, stimulating production of gastric juices
This ensures gastrin is only produced when eating, ensuring it is not over-produced, which would digest your stomach
5
Q
Give an example of the relation between the nervous, digestive, and endocrine system (Eating and rising glucose)
A
- When eating, blood glucose level rises
- Rise in glucose triggers pancrease beta cells to secrete insulin
- Insulin travels through blood and breaks down sugars
- Insulin then either transports them throughout the body or stores excess as glucagon
6
Q
Give an example of the relation between the nervous, digestive, and endocrine system (Fasting and dropping glucose)
A
- When fasting, glucose levels drop
- Drop in glucose triggers pancrease alpha cells to secrete glucagon
- Glucagon travels to the liver, and promotes breakdown of glycogen
- Glycogen is converted back into glucose, released into the blood, and restores levels
7
Q
What triggers feelings of hunger?
A
Ghrelin
8
Q
What results in a signal being sent to the brain to reduce hunger?
A
Insulin, released when blood sugars rise when eating
9
Q
What 2 hormones suppress appetite?
A
- Leptin - Produced by adipose tissue
- PYY - Produced by small intestine
Biology 1002
flashcards
Decks in class (55)
# Cards
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Section 1: 1.1 - Land plants evolved from green algae29
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Section 1: 1.2 - Mosses and other nonvascular plants have life cycles dominated by gametophytes5
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Section 1: 1.3 - Ferns and other seedless vascular plants were the first plants to grow tall25
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Section 1: 1.4 - Seeds and pollen grains are key adaptations for life on land14
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Section 1: 1.5 - Gymnospears bear "naked seeds", typically on cones4
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Section 1: 1.6 - The reproductive adaptations of angiosperms include flowers and fruits14
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Section 2: 2.1 - Plants have a hierarchical organization consisting of organs, tissues, and cells39
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Section 2: 2.2 - Different meristems generate cells for primary and secondary growth17
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Section 2: 2.3 - Primary growth lengthens roots and shoots19
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Section 2: 2.4 - Secondary growth increases the diameter of stems and roots in woody plants13
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Section 3: 3.1 - Adaptations for acquiring resources were key steps in evolution of vascular plants6
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Section 3: 3.2 - Different mechanisms transport substances over short or long distances6
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Section 3: 3.3 - Transpiration drives the transport of water and minerals from roots to shoots via the xylem30
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Section 3: 3.4 - The rate of transpiration is regulated by stomata13
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Section 3: 3.5 - Sugars are transported from sources to sinks via the phloem11
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Section 4 - Plant nutrients40
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Section 5 - Plant reproduction (Part 1)29
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Section 5 - Plant reproduction (Part 2)1
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Section 7: 7.1 - Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from embryonic layers22
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Section 7: 7.2 - Animals can be characterized by body plans31
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Section 7: 7.3 - Cnidarians are an ancient phylum of eumetazoans16
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Section 7: 7.4 - Lophotrochozoans, a clade analyzed by molecular data, have the widest range of animal body forms14
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Section 7: 7.5 - Ecdysozoans are the most species-rich animal group16
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Section 8: 8.1 - Animal form and function or correlated at levels of organization30
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Section 8: 8.2 - Feedback control maintains the internal environment in many animals12
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Section 8: 8.3 - Homeostatic processes for thermoregulation involve form, function, and behaviour20
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Section 8: 8.4 - Energy requirements are related to animal size, activity, and environment14
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Section 9: 9.1 - An animal's diet must supply chemical energy and building blocks19
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Section 9: 9.2 - Food processing involves ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination15
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Section 9: 9.3 - Organs specialized for sequential stages of food processing form the mammalian digestive system36
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Section 9: 9.4 - Evolutionary adaptations of vertebrate digestive systems correlate with diet10
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Section 9: 9.5 - Feedback circuits regulate digestion, energy storage, and appetite9
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Section 10: 10.1 - Circulatory systems link exchange surfaces with cells throughout the body14
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Section 10: 10.2 - Coordinated cycles of heart contraction drive double circulation in mammals10
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Section 10: 10.3 - Patterns of blood pressure and flow reflect the structure and arrangement of blood vessels12
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Section 10: 10.4 - Blood components function in exchange, transport, and defense10
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Section 10: 10.5 - Gas exchange occurs across specialized respiratory surfaces11
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Section 10: 10.6 - Breathing ventilates the lungs1
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Section 10: 10.7 - Adaptations for gas exchange include pigments that bind and transport gases0
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Section 11: 11.1 - Osmoregulation balances the uptake and loss of water and solutes0
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Section 11: 11.2 - An animal's nitrogenous wastes reflect its phylogeny and habitat0
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Section 11: 11.3 - Diverse excretory systems are variations on a tubular theme0
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Section 11: 11.4 - The nephron is organized for stepwise processing of blood filtrate0
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Section 11: 11.5 - Hormonal circuits link kidney function, water balance, and blood pressure0
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Section 14: 14.1 - Neuron organization and structure reflect function in information transfer0
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Section 14: 14.2 - Ion pumps and ion channels establish the resting membrane potential of a neuron0
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Section 14: 14.3 - Action potentials are the signals conducted by axons0
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Section 14: 14.4 - Neurons communicate with each other at synapses0
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Section 14: 14.5 - Nervous systems consist of circuits of neurons and support cells0
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Section 15: 15.1 - Sensory receptors transduce stimulus energy and transmit signals to the central nervous systems0
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Section 15: 15.2 - The mechanoreceptors responsible for hearing and equilibrium detect moving fluid or settling particles0
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Section 15: 15.3 - Visual receptors in diverse animals depend on light-absorbing pigments0
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Section 15: 15.4 - The sense of taste and smell rely on similar sets of sensory receptors0
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Section 15: 15.5 - The physical interaction of protein filaments is required for muscle functions0
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Section 15: 15.6 - Skeletal systems transform muscle contraction into locomotion0
