Seismic Activity

Question 1

What are the 4 interior layers of the earth?

Answer 1

Crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core

Question 2

What is the crust?

Answer 2

where we live and broken into plates

Question 3

What are the 2 types of crust?

Answer 3

Oceanic and continental crust.

Question 4

What is the Mantle?

Answer 4

largest piece, made of magma
has convection currents which cause plate movement

Question 5

What is the Outer core?

Answer 5

Liquid layer made of iron and nickel

Question 6

What is the inner core?

Answer 6

solid layer made of iron and nickel
hottest and densest layer

Question 7

What are Plates?

Answer 7

pieces of crust which float on the mantle

Question 8

What are Convection currents?

Answer 8

Circular motions found in the mantle, formed due to extreme heat and when a hot liquid rises

Question 9

Characteristics of the continental crust?

Answer 9

Thick
old
light
floats

Question 10

Characteristics of Oceanic crust?

Answer 10

Thin
young
heavier

Question 11

What is the continental drift theory?
What evidence is there to support this?

Answer 11

It is about the movement of the Earths continents.
Continents fit together, similar rocks, mountains and fossils.

Question 12

What is a constructive/divergent plate boundary?

Answer 12

When 2 plates move AWAY from each other, creating a gap.
This gap is then filled with magma, creating new crust.
Mid Atlantic Ridge

Question 13

What is a Destructive/ convergent plate boundary?

Answer 13

When an oceanic plate HITS a continental plate.
Oceanic sinks causing a SUBDUCTION ZONE.
Trench is created
pressure builds up, magma rises and a volcanic arc is created
Mediterranean

Question 14

What is a Collision zone?

Answer 14

2 Continental plates hit each other.
They have the same density, so UPLIFT to form fold mountains.
Himalayas

Question 15

What is a Transform plate boundary?

Answer 15

2 plates SLIDE past each other.
friction created results in quakes
San Andreas Fault

Question 16

What is a volcano?

Answer 16

Opening in the earths crust were lava, ash and rock erupt from.

Question 17

What are the 3 types of volcanic activity and explain them?

Answer 17

Active- erupts regularly
Dormant- inactive for now, but will erupt violently one day
Extinct- will never erupt again

Question 18

Benefits and hazards of living near a volcano?

Answer 18

Benefits- geothermal energy, fertile soil, tourism, and precious stones formed.

Hazards- death and destruction, earthquakes, air pollution, and asthma caused by ash.

Question 19

What is an earthquake?

Answer 19

a vibration in the Earth’s crust due to plate movements

Question 20

What is the FOCUS?

Answer 20

the point in the crust where the earthquake occurs

Question 21

What is the EPICENTRE?

Answer 21

the point above the focus where the earthquake is felt at GROUND LEVEL

Question 22

What instrument measures earthquakes?

Answer 22

seismograph

Question 23

Which scale measures the MAGNITUDE of an earthquake?

Answer 23

RITCHERS SCALE

Question 24

Which scale measures the EFFECT of an earthquake?

Answer 24

MERCALLI SCALE

Question 25

Why is the Mediterranean considered a seismic area? (Imp!)

Answer 25

Due to the destructive plate boundaries, since the African and Eurasian plates are hitting each other