- define minimal pairs
pairs of words that differ in one phoneme- pin and bin, hat and had, bin and bean
- define intonation pattern
when voices rise or fall when speaking
- What is the International Phonemic Alphabet
code of Roman letters to represent all major speech sounds
- define morphemes
word parts that can not be broken down any further- friendly = friend/ ly
- derivational morphemes
prefixes or suffixes that change the part of speech of a word
- inflectional morphemes
suffixes that don’t change the part of speech of a word- adding s, ed, er, ing
- define English syntax
structuring words and phrases to make sentences
- define negations
a word that reverses the meaning of a sentence- not, can’t, never, wasn’t
- define semantics
the meaning behind a word or phrase
- define collocations
words that are commonly paired together- - deep sleep, heavy rain, strong smell
- define homophone
words that sound the same but have different meanings- carrot/ carat, rose/ rose
- define idiom
figurative expressions- over my head, kick the bucket
- define pragmatics
study of expressions in context- You have the green light- meaning depends on the context
- cognates
words that have a similar root and often have similar meanings
- phonology
the study of sounds in a language
- morphology
the study of the origin of words
- syntax
the way words are arranged to create sentences
- pragmatics
studies how context contributes to meaning
- pragmatic failure
failure to understand the message
- implications
when something is implied but not directly stated
- code switching
switching between two languages
- sociolinguistics
the study of language in relation to social factors (gender, dialect, class, region)
- dialect
language particular to a region or social group
- sociolect
the dialect of a certain social class
