LVEDVi (mL/m²) for severe dilation in men
> 100
LVEDVi (mL/m²) for severe dilation in women
> 87
LVEDVi (mL/m²) normal for men
< 74
LVEDVi (mL/m²) normal for women
< 61
Three methods for LV size measurements on Echo
1) LV volume based (Simpson’s biplane indexed to BSA, mL/m²)
2) Linear dimensions (PLAX, LVEDD cm)
3) 3D Echo
LVEDD (LVIDd) cm severe for men
≥6.9
LVEDD (cm) severe for women
≥6.2
LVEDD (cm) normal for men
≤ 5.9 cm
Why are LV volumes preferred over linear dimensions?
Avoid geometric assumptions → more accurate, especially in asymmetric ventricles
LVEDD (cm) normal for women
≤ 5.3 cm
What defines LV hypertrophy (LVH) on echo?
Increased LV mass index (LVMI)
Normal LVMI cutoff in men?
≤ 115 g/m
Normal LVMI cutoff in women?
≤ 95 g/m²
Normal LV wall thickness (septum or posterior wall)?
Men: ≤ 1.0 cm
Women: ≤ 0.9 cm
Why is wall thickness alone insufficient to diagnose LVH?
Does not account for LV size → can miss eccentric hypertrophy
RWT cutoff for abnormal?
> 0.42
Formula for Relative Wall Thickness (RWT)?
RWT = (2 × PWd) / LVEDD
What does increased RWT indicate?
Concentric remodeling or concentric hypertrophy
LVMI ↑ + RWT ↑ = ?
Concentric hypertrophy
LVMI ↑ + normal RWT = ?
Eccentric hypertrophy
Normal LVMI + ↑ RWT = ?
Concentric remodeling
Severe LA dilation by volume index
> 48 ml/m2
