SLT

Question 1

who developed the SLT approach

Answer 1

• Alert Bandura
• he argued that classical/operant conditioning could not account for all human learning

Question 2

what is a role model

Answer 2

• a person who carries out an attitude or behaviour to be learned
• they become this when they are seen to possess similar characteristics to the observer or are attractive or of a higher status

Question 3

what is a live model

Answer 3

a type of role model who is actually present in our environment

Question 4

what is a symbolic model

Answer 4

a type of role model who are present in the media e.g. celebrities

Question 5

what is identification

Answer 5

the extent to which an individual relates to a role model and feels that they are similar to them, so want to be like a role model

Question 6

what is modelling

Answer 6

when a role model precisely demonstrates a specific behaviour so that it can be imitated by an observer
observational learning occurs ( watching what the role model models and learning how to do it)

Question 7

what is vicarious reinforcement

Answer 7

reinforcement that is not directly experienced, but occurs through observing someone else being reinforced in a behaviour

Question 8

what is imitation

Answer 8

using someone as a model and copying their behaviour. It is sometimes called modelling

Question 9

what is the order in SLT

Answer 9

1. Role models
2. live/symbolic models
3. identification
4. modelling
5. vicarious reinforcement
6. imitation

Question 10

how does SLT suggest that behaviour is learned

Answer 10

learned from experience, in a social context

Question 11

Bandura et al.’s study

Answer 11

• half of the children (aged 3-5) were exposed to adult role models interacting aggressively with a life-sized Bobo doll
• the adult was striking it with a mallet, being verbally aggressive
• adult left, and the children were physically and verbally aggressive to the doll, alike the adult
• other half were exposed to adult role models interacting non-aggressively with the doll
• the adult left and the child expressed no aggression

Question 12

what are mediational processes

Answer 12

the cognitive processes that occur between stimulus and response that affect whether the learned behaviour is produced

Question 13

what are the 4 mediational processes

Answer 13

motivation
attention
retention
reproduction

Question 14

what is motivation (mediational process)

Answer 14

the will or desire to perform the behaviour (usually linked to vicarious reinforcement)

Question 15

what is attention (mediational process)

Answer 15

noticing and paying attention to the behaviour of the person they want to imitate

Question 16

what is retention (mediational process)

Answer 16

remembering the behaviour so that they can do the same

Question 17

what is reproduction (mediational process)

Answer 17

consideration of our ability to perform the behaviour

Question 18

assumptions of SLT

Answer 18

• Bandura believed that there are important mental processes that lie between the stimulus and response. Therefore, it combines principles from both the behaviourist and cognitive approaches
• means that learning and performance are not the same activity- we can observe a behaviour and learn it, but choose not to perform it
• sees people as active manipulators of their own environment rather than passive receivers of experiences
• concerned with human rather than animal behaviour