How do cognitive Piagetian and Vygotskian theories explain the value of group discussion
Cognitive rehearsal elaboration knowledge expansion supports working memory
Piaget: interaction creates cognitive conflict questioning and new ideas> cooperative collaborative learning
Vygotsky: social interaction leads to higher mental functions internalised peer tutoring
According to Johnson and Johnson what are the five elements of true cooperative learning
Positive interdependence
Promotive interaction
Individual accountability
Interpersonal and social skills
Group processing
What is reciprocal questioning and how is it used effectively in the classroom
Effective from primary upwards
Teacher presents material first
Students work in pairs or triads
Take turns asking and answering questions
Teacher provides question stems (applications, arguments, evidence)
What is the jigsaw method in cooperative learning
Each member learns different section | Becomes expert | Teaches group | Everyone contributes | Assessment on whole topic | Traditional jigsaw shared team score
What are constructive controversies in cooperative learning
Based on Piagetian theory | Aim create cognitive conflict | Four person groups working in pairs | One pair pro one pair con | Debate then reverse positions | Consensus report best arguments
What is exploratory talk and why is it important for dialogic teaching
Framework for dialogic teaching | Shared rules for talk | Supports reasoning and joint understanding | Should begin in Early Years | Must be explicitly taught if absent
What are the main disadvantages of group learning
Misconceptions reinforced | Conformity over challenge | Socialising over learning | Process over outcomes | Reliance on expert | Social loafing | Group dependency
