Spain Flashcards

Question

List river o Risa Baixas ?

Answer 1

- Verdugo - Ulla River - Mino

Answer 2

- small plots of vineyard - 0.6 hectares - plit into approximately four parcels

Answer 3

- Albariño accounts for more than 96% - Loureira, Treixadura, Caíño Blanco, Torrontés, and Godello

Answer 4

- minimum 70% Albariño, Loureira, Treixadura, and Caíño Blanco

Answer 5

- 70% Albariño and Loureira

Answer 6

- 70% Albariño and Treixadura

Answer 7

- Recommended: Caiño Tinto, Espadeiro, Loureira Tinta, Sousón Authorized: Mencía, Brancellao

Answer 8

- Dried grape wine similar to Tuscan vin santo - Red or white grapes are left to dry for a minimum of three months following harvest in covered rooms with consistent ventilation to avoid rot - Must be dried to a minimum must weight of 350 grams per liter - Fermented and aged in oak or cherry casks for at minimum six months, followed by a minimum three in bottle before release.

Answer 9

- Miño and Avia, Arnoia

Answer 10

- Granite - With high humidity and elevated levels of precipitation, Ribeiro is also dangerously susceptible to spring frost; it lost nearly a third of its crop in 2017.

Answer 11

- Recommended: Treixadura, Torrontés, Godello, Lado, Loureira, Albariño, Caiño Blanco Authorized: Palomino, Albillo

Answer 12

- Recommended: Caíño Tinto, Caíño Bravo, Caíño Longo, Ferrón, Sousón, Brancellao, Mencía Authorized: Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet), Tempranillo,

Answer 13

- Sil and the Miño

Answer 14

- Guímaro: Mencia / Godello - Algueira: Mix - Dominio do Bibei: Mix

Answer 15

- Chantada - Ribeiras do Miño - Amandi - Ribeiras do Sil - Quiroga-Bibei

Answer 16

- Merenzao

Answer 17

- (Vinhão in Portugal)

Answer 18

- (Alvarelhão in Portugal)

Answer 19

- Identifies the use of at least 85% principal grapes for both whites and reds

Answer 20

- Tinto: min. 70% Mencia - Principal: Mencía, Merenzao, Brancellao, Sousón, Caiño Tinto - Authorized: Garnacha Tintorera, Mouratón, Tempranillo, and Gran Negro - Rosado: Min 85% Principal red Grapes

Answer 21

- Principal: Godello, Loureira, Treixadura, Dona Branca, Albariño, Torrontés, Branco lexítimo, and Caíño Blanco

Answer 22

- Climate than elsewhere in Galicia—less humid, and with drier, hotter summers

Answer 23

- Largely associated with slate,

Answer 24

- Mencía (min. 85%) and Godello (min. 100%) can be varietally labeled - Preferred: Godello, Loureira, Treixadura, Dona Branca, Albariño, Torrontés, Lado Authorized: Palomino - Rosado/Tinto: Recommended: Mencía, Tempranillo, Merenzao, Brancellao, Sousón, Caiño Tinto, Espadeiro, Ferrón Authorized: Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet), Gran Negro, Mouratón - Espumoso: Min. 85% Godello

Answer 25

- Atlantic and Continental influences, resulting in hot, dry summers and cold winters

Answer 26

- Soil for white wines is granitic sand, and clay and slate are preferable for reds.

Answer 27

- Blanco: min. 60% recommended white grapes: - Recommended: Dona Branca, Godello, Treixadura - Authorized: Albariño, Blanca de Monterrei, Caiño Blanco, Loureira

Answer 28

- Tinto: min. 60% recommended red grapes - Tinto: Recommended: Mencía, Merenzao (Bastardo) Authorized: Caiño Tinto, Sousón, Araúxa (Tempranillo)

Answer 29

- Albarín Blanco, Albillo, and Moscatel de Grano Menudo - Carrasquín, Verdejo Negro, and Albarín Negro

Answer 30

- Cangas VCIG

Answer 31

- Costa de Cantabria - Liébana

Answer 32

- white: Chardonnay, Godello, Hondarrabi Zuri, Riesling, Gewürztraminer, and Treixadura - red: - Hondarrabi Beltza

Answer 33

- white: Palomino, Godello, Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer, - red: Mencía, Tempranillo, Garnacha, Graciano, Syrah, and Cabernet Sauvignon.

Answer 34

- Skewered Basque snacks similar to tapas.

Answer 35

- Txakoli de Bizkaia (Bizkaiko Txakolina) - Txakoli de Getaria (Getariako Txakolina) (First) - Txakoli de Álava (Arabako Txakolina) (newest and smallest)

Answer 36

- Getaria and Bizkaia are more humid, influenced heavily by the Bay of Biscay, requiring careful viticulture to avoid moisture-related disease and to achieve ripeness - Coastal influence and humidity pressure.

Answer 37

- Sandy, alluvial soils and lie at lower elevations, often close to sea level, though certain sites are planted on well-drained slopes

Answer 38

- (“rooster’s eye”) describes a bright, translucent reddish-pink color—deeper than pale rosé, lighter than red.

Answer 39

- Blanco: Recommended: Ondarrabi Zuri (Hondarribi Zuri) Authorized: Ondarrabi Zuri Zerratia (Petit Courbu), Mune Mahatsa (Folle Blanche), Izkiriota (Gros Manseng), Izkiriota Ttippia (Petit Manseng), Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, secondary white grapes may not account for more than 20% of a producer's total vineyard acreage -Tinto: Ondarrabi Beltza (Hondarribi Beltza) - Rosado (Ojo de Gallo): min. 50% Ondarrabi Beltza

Answer 40

- Blanco: Recommended: Ondarrabi Zuri (Hondarribi Zuri) Authorized: Ondarrabi Zuri Zerratia (Petit Courbu), Izkiriota (Gros Manseng), Riesling, Chardonnay, Secondary white grapes may not account for more than 20% of a producer's total vineyard acreage - Tinto: Ondarrabi Beltza (Hondarribi Beltza) - Rosado (Ojo de Gallo): min. 50% Ondarrabi Beltza

Answer 41

-Blanco: Recommended: Ondarrabi Zuri (Hondarribi Zuri) Authorized: Ondarrabi Zuri Zerratia (Petit Courbu), Izkiriota (Gros Manseng), Izkiriota Ttippia (Petit Manseng), Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Chardonnay, Secondary white grapes may not account for more than 20% of a producer's total vineyard acreage - Tinto: Ondarrabi Beltza (Hondarribi Beltza) - Rosado: min. 50% Ondarribi Beltza

Answer 42

- Arlanza DO - Arribes DO - Bierzo DO - Cigales DO - Ribera del Duero DO - Rueda DO - León DO - Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO - Toro DO

Answer 43

- Sierra de Salamanca VCIG - Valles de Benavente VCIG - Valtiendas VCIG - Cebreros VCIG

Answer 44

- Prada a Tope: José Luis Prada - Raúl Pérez - Álvaro Palacios his nephew Ricardo Pérez Palacios : Descendientes de José Palacios

Answer 45

- Humidity and rainfall from Green Spain - Continental conditions of the Duero River Valley - Sierra de los Ancares shields much of the Atlantic’s effects, - Sil River, as well as several tributaries. - 450 to 800 meters in elevation

Answer 46

- Bajo Bierzo: Flatter - Alto Bierzo: Mountainside

Answer 47

- Sloped sites, often composed of quartz and slate - Bajo Bierzo are typically planted in deeper, clay-alluvial soils

Answer 48

- Vina de la Region - Vino de Villa (village wine) - Vino de Paraje lieux-dits - Vino de Viña Clasificada (essentially a classified cru wine) - Gran Vino de Viña Clasificada (or grand cru)

Answer 49

- Blanco: Doña Blanca, Godello, Malvasía Riojana, Palomino - Tinto: Mencía, Garnacha Tintorera, Estaladiña, and/or Merenzao. - Tinto: min. 85% authorized red - Mencía fills roughly three-quarters

Answer 50

- Raul Perez La Muria, Bierzo, Spain: Most prized - La Tentacion: Pinot Noir - Ultreia Saint Jacques: Mencia - Ultreia de Valtuille: Mencia - La del Vivo: Godello - Rara Avis: Albarin (distinct from Albariño)

Answer 51

- Descendientes de J. Palacios: - Pétalos: Mencia - Corullon: Single village - La Faraona: TOP MENCIA,

Answer 52

- “golden” fortified and sometimes flor-affected rancios aged in a solera system or demijohns - Oxidative - Vino de Licor (fortified) - 100% combined Palomino Fino and/or Verdejo - min. 4 years, including at least 2 years in oak

Answer 53

- Elevations around 600 to 700 meters - Extreme continental climate as its neighbors, often requiring irrigation - limestone and is famously gravelly, allowing for good drainage

Answer 54

- Sparkling wines - 36 months or longer sur lie - Vino Espumoso: min. 75% principal varieties Vino Espumoso Rosado: min. 50% authorized red varieties

Answer 55

- Biologically aged and fortified Rueda wine, - Verdejo - Vino de Licor (fortified) - 100% combined Palomino Fino and/or Verdejo - minimum of 3 years in oak

Answer 56

- Blanco: min. 75% principal varieties - Principal: Verdejo, Sauvignon Blanc, Viura, Viognier, Chardonnay - Authorized: Palomino Fino, Godello, Riesling, Garnacha Blanca, Moscatel de grano menudo, Moscatel de Alejandría, and Gewürztraminer.

Answer 57

- Principal: Tempranillo and Cenicienta Authorized: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Garnacha Tinta, Syrah, Bruñal - Rosado: min. 50% authorized red varieties

Answer 58

- Vino Espumoso: min. 75% principal varieties - Vino Espumoso Rosado: min. 50% authorized red varieties - Vino Espumoso wines must be made by the traditional method, and aged for at least 9 months on the lees * - Vino Espumoso "Gran Añada": 36 months of age on lees prior to disgorgement (starts with the 2020 vintage) *

Answer 59

- White wines that undergo fermentation for at least 3 months in oak casks of no more than 600 liters

Answer 60

- Wines made from at least 30 year old vine

Answer 61

- Village wine classification, where 85% of grapes must be harvested for nearly 70 permitted municipalities.

Answer 62

- Don Eloy Lecanda y Chaves, - 1864

Answer 63

- 1972, Alejandro Fernández, into Pesquera,

Answer 64

- Soria, - Segovia - Burgos, and - Valladolid (from east to west)

Answer 65

- 30 types identified - limestone: eastern - western: denser clay - rest of the region has sandy or silty-sandy earth

Answer 66

- Most extreme continental - Vineyards planted between 700 and 1,000 meters above sea level, with an average of 800 to 850 meters - This amplifies the region’s diurnal swing - Summers swelteringly hot, its winters icy cold - Hail, frost

Answer 67

- Tinto Fino - Tinta del País - Covers 95%

Answer 68

- Tinto: min. 75% Tinta del País / Tinto Fino - Authorized: Garnacha, Malbec, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Albillo Mayor - Rosado or Clarete: min. 50% authorized red varieties

Answer 69

- Blanco: min. 75% Albillo Mayor

Answer 70

- Blanco/Rosado/Clarete: min. 18 months, including at least 6 months in oak (max. 330 liter capacity) - Tinto: min. 24 months, including at least 12 months in oak (max. 330 liter capacity) - Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva wines must spend the rest of their required aging outside of barrel in the bottle.

Answer 71

- Blanco/Rosado/Clarete: min. 24 months, including at least 6 months in oak (max. 330 liter capacity) - Tinto: min. 36 months, including at least 12 months in oak (max. 330 liter capacity) - Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva wines must spend the rest of their required aging outside of barrel in the bottle.

Answer 72

- Blanco/Rosado/Clarete: min. 48 months, including at least 6 months in oak (max. 330 liter capacity) - Tinto: min. 60 months, including at least 24 months in oak (max. 330 liter capacity) -Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva wines must spend the rest of their required aging outside of barrel in the bottle.

Answer 73

- Roble/Barrica: min. 3 months in oak (max. 600 liter capacity)

Answer 74

- Vega Sicilia - Pesquera - Pingus - Protos

Answer 75

- Unico - Reserva Especial: Cabernet - Tempranillo - Valbuena - Bodegas Alión - Bodegas Pintia: Toro - Deiva: Tempos Vega Sicilia: Risa Baixas - Macán: Rioja - Oremus: Tokaj

Answer 76

- 2025 Release: 2011, 2012, 2013 - 2024 Release: 2010, 2011, 2012 - 2023 Release: 2009, 2011 i 2012 - 2017 Release; 2003, 2004 i 2006 - 2001 Release 1985, 1990, 1994

Answer 77

-2017, 2001, 1997, 1992, 1988, 1984, 1963

Answer 78

Founder Alejandro Fernández 1972: - Tinto Pesquera Janus Gran Reserva, Ribera del Duero, Spain

Answer 79

- Condado de Haza, another estate in Ribera del Duero - Dehesa La Granja (Castilla y León VT): Dehesa 14( Tempranillo) - El Vinculo (La Mancha DO): Alejairén Crianza(Airen) / Paraje de la Golosa Gran Reserva(Tempranillo)

Answer 80

Founder Peter Sisseck 1995: - 'Pingus', Ribera del Duero - 'Amelia', Ribera del Duero - 'Flor de Pingus', Ribera del Duero - 'PSI', Ribera del Duero

Answer 81

- Climate: Arlanza shares the continental extremes of Ribera del Duero - Soil: mostly sandy, with more of a clay structure - Blanco: Albilla, Viura - Rosado: 50-100% Tinta del País, plus other red or white authorized grapes - Tinto: 50-100% Tinta del País - Authorized: Garnacha, Mencía, Cabernet Sauvignon, Petit Verdot, Merlot - Arlanza River

Answer 82

- 700 and 800 meters - Soil: Limestone and galets roulés - Blanco: Verdejo, Albillo, Viura, Sauvignon Blanc, , Garnacha Blanca - Rosado/Clarete: (Most important) - Tinto: Tinta del País (Tempranillo), Garnacha Tinta, Garnacha Gris, , Garnacha Tontorera, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah -Vino Dulce: (Blanco/Rosado/Tinto) - Vino Espumoso( Blanco/Rosado)

Answer 83

- Tall air vents that help light the facilities below in cellar

Answer 84

- 800 to 900 meters - Brownish alluvial terraces with limestone influence - Blanco: min. 50% recommended white varieties: Verdejo, Albarín Blanco, and Godello - Rosado: min. 60% recommended red varieties, plus other white and/or red grapes - Tinto: min. 60% recommended red varieties: Recommended: Prieto Picudo, Mencía, and Negro Saurí Authorized: Garnacha, Tempranillo - Vinos Semidulces (Blanco, Rosado,Tinto) -Vinos Dulces (Blanco, Rosado,Tinto)

Answer 85

- Prieto Picudo 70% of Vineyards

Answer 86

- 620 to 840 meters above sea level - Cold continental nights - Bush-trained - Brown limestone can frequently be found atop both sandy and clay structures. - “Bull’s blood” (toro translates to “bull”)

Answer 87

- Tinta de Toro

Answer 88

- Blanco = 100% authorized white grapes - Rosado = 100% authorized red and/or white grapes - Tinto: = min. 75% Tinta de Toro or min. 85% Garnacha - Traditional Method Sparkling: Blanco / Rosado: Must contain minimum 25% / red grapes Tinto

Answer 89

- Pintia (Vega Sicilia)

Answer 90

- 750 meters above sea level - Alluvial - Many other rivers traverse the region

Answer 91

- Blanco: min. 60% recommended white grapes:Recommended: Malvasia, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Verdejo Authorized: Albillo, Palomino, Godello - Clarete: min. 30% Tempranillo plus other varieties (max. 40% authorized varieties) - Rosado: min. 60% Tempranillo plus other authorized varieties -Tinto: min. 75% Tempranillo plus other authorized red varieties: Recommended: Tempranillo Authorized: Garnacha, Cabernet Sauvignon

Answer 92

- Follows the path of the Duero River along the northeastern Portuguese border - 550 and 820 meters - Mixture of sandy quartz and granite, as well as slate -

Answer 93

- Bruñal and its progeny Juan García

Answer 94

- Blanco: Malvasía Castellana (a minimum 60% required for white wines), Verdejo, Albillo Mayor, and Albillo Real. Red, white, and rosado are bottled. - Rosado: min. 60% recommended red varieties, plus other white and/or red varieties - Tinto: Bruñal (Juan García), Rufete, Tempranillo, Garnacha Tinta, Mencía y Bruñal Syrah, Bastardillo Chico, Tinta Jeromo, Mandón, and Gajo Arroba

Answer 95

- Bottles to guarantee authenticity in Rioja

Answer 96

- Cosme Palacio y Hermanos Reserva Especial

Answer 97

- La Rioja, Basque Country, Navarra, and Castilla y Léon. (The inclusion of territory from Castilla y Léon results from the fact that two small areas within La Rioja belong to Castilla y Léon; a single estate sits in the DOCa.)

Answer 98

- Sierra de Cantabria range barricades the northern areas of Rioja from Atlantic winds - Ebro River splits the region - Vintages are often described as Atlantic or Mediterranean - Eastern areas experiencing more continental conditions with Mediterranean influences and the west a more maritime effect.

Answer 99

- Rioja Alta, Rioja Alavesa, and Rioja Oriental(Rioja Baja).

Answer 100

- Haro - Logroño

Answer 101

- Rioja Alta: 27,000 hectares

Answer 102

- López de Heredia - Muga - CVNE - La Rioja Alta S.A - Granja Remelluri

Answer 103

- Oja - Najerilla Rivers

Answer 104

- Oja Valley: chalky, alluvial - Najerilla Valley: Iron rich clay

Answer 105

- San Vicente de la Sonsierra

Answer 106

- Limestone - Rioja’s highest elevation vineyards on average, found near Labastida - Tradition for carbonic-macerated Tempranillo

Answer 107

- First subzone to harvest grapes - Many of Rioja Oriental’s vineyards sit at higher elevations in the Yerga Mountains. - Garnacha

Answer 108

- Cariñena

Answer 109

- Jura's Trousseau

Answer 110

- White Grapes: Viura, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Verdejo, Malvasía, Garnacha Blanca, Tempranillo Blanco, Maturana Blanca, Turruntés - Red Grape: Tempranillo, Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano, Maturana Tinta - Blanco: 100% authorized white grapes Rosado: min. 25% combined authorized red grapes - Tinto: min. 95% authorized red grapes (if destemmed), min. 85% authorized red grapes (if whole clusters or whole berries are used)

Answer 111

- Hand-harvested individual sites where vines are at least 35 years old - 30% lower yields, with whites dropping from 63 to 45 hectoliters per hectare and reds moving from 45.5 to 32.5 hectoliters per hectare

Answer 112

- Vino Espumoso de Calidad: min. 15 m disgorgement - Vino Espumoso de Calidad Reserva: min. 24 Vino Espumoso de Calidad Gran Añada: min 36 months

Answer 113

- Crianza Blanco/Rosado: min. 18 months, including at least 6 months in oak (remainder may be in bottle, oak or stainless steel) - Reserva Blanco/Rosado: min. 2 years, including at least 6 months in oak (remainder must be in bottle or oak) - Gran Reserva Blanco/Rosado: min. 4 years, including at least 6 months in oak (remainder must be in bottle or oak)

Answer 114

- Crianza Tinto: min. 2 years, including at least 1 year in oak - Reserva Tinto: min. 3 years, including at least 1 year in oak and 6 months in bottle - Gran Reserva Tinto: min. 60 months of aging with at least 24 months in oak and at least 24 months in bottle

Answer 115

- Traditional: open-top fermentation, and, most significantly, the reliance on older 225-liter American oak casks for long, semi-oxidative maturation. Often considered traditional include blending from multiple subregions - Modernist: monovarietal Tempranillo wines, single-subregion and single-vineyard wines, avoidance of the aging classification system, cold soaking, temperature-controlled fermentation in stainless steel, and shorter élevage in newer, often European oak vessels.

Answer 116

- 75% Tempranillo · 15% Garnacha · 5% Graciano · 5% Mazuelo

Answer 117

- 96% Tempranillo · 4% Graciano

Answer 118

- 85% Tempranillo · 15% Mazuelo

Answer 119

- 75% Tempranillo · 15% Mazuelo · 10% Graciano

Answer 120

- 80% Tempranillo · 20% Garnacha

Answer 121

- 85% Tempranillo · 10% Graciano · 5% Mazuelo

Answer 122

- 100% Tempranillo

Answer 123

- 70% Tempranillo · 15% Graciano · 12% Garnacha · 3% Viura

Answer 124

- Rosado, a deeply pigmented pink wine.

Answer 125

- Baja Montaña - Tierra Estella - Valdizarbe, - Ribera Alta - Ribera Baja.

Answer 126

- Drier toward the south - Ebro River bisects Ribera Baja - 560 meters: Tierra Estella, Valdizarbe - Baja Montaña: old vine Garnacha vineyards

Answer 127

- Minimum aging requirements match those of Spain - Crianzas must be aged for at least two years, with a minimum nine months in barrel. - Blanco: Garnacha Blanca, Viura, Malvasía, Moscatel de grano menudo, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc - Rosado (Garnacha preferred; Sangrado/Saignée method required) - Tinto: Tempranillo, Garnacha Tinta, Graciano, Mazuelo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Pinot Noir - Vino de Licor Blanco: Moscatel de grano menudo - Vino de Licor Tinto: Garnacha

Answer 128

- Sangrado

Answer 129

- Calatayud DO - Campo de Borja DO - Cariñena DO - Somontano DO

Answer 130

- Jalón River - Higher elevations, above 500 meters, - River does little to alleviate the region’s arid climate - Brown limestone

Answer 131

- minimum 35 years

Answer 132

- 85% Garnacha from vines that surpass 50 years in age.

Answer 133

- Blanco (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce) Macabeo, Malvasía, Chardonnay, Garnacha Blanca, Gewürztraminer, Sauvignon Blanc, Moscatel de Alejandria - Rosado (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce) - Tinto (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce)Bobal, Cabernet Sauvignon, Garnacha Tinta, Mazuela, Merlot, Monastrell, Tempranillo, Syrah - Blanco, Tinto, and Rosado wines may be produced by carbonic maceration - Vino de Licor: only Garnacha Tinta, Macabeo, and Moscatel de Alejandria are authorized for fortified wine production. - Vino Naturalmente Dulce - Vino Espumoso - Vino de Aguja (semi-sparkling) - While 92% of plantings are dedicated to red grapes - Two third Garnacia

Answer 134

- Semi sparkling wine in Calatayuda

Answer 135

- Huerva River - Blanco (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce): Principal: Chardonnay, Garnacha Blanca, Macabeo Secondary: Parallada, Moscatel de Alejandría, Sauvignon Blanc, Verdejo, Cariñena Blanca - Rosado (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce) - Tinto (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce): Principal: Cariñena (Mazuela), Garnacha Tinta, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Tempranillo Secondary: Juan Ibáñez, Monastrell, Vidadillo - Blanco, Tinto, and Rosado wines may be produced by carbonic maceration - Blanco, Tinto, and Rosado wines may be seco, semiseco, semidulce, or dulce - Vino de Licor: Moscatel de Alejandría, Garnacha Tinta, and Macabeo only - Vino Naturalmente Dulce - Vendimia Tardía - Vino Espumoso - Vino de Aguja (semi-sparkling)

Answer 136

- Three-quarters of the vine space, as do cooperatives, nearly monopolizing all production - Tempranillo and Macabeo see sizeable cultivation - Rosado, white, sparkling, fortified Moscatel, - Blanco (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce): Blanco: Macabeo, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Moscatel de Alejandría, Chardonnay, Garnacha Blanca, Sauvignon Blanc, Verdejo - Rosado (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce) - Tinto (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce): Tinto: Garnacha, Tempranillo, Mazuela, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Garnacha Tintorera - Vino de Licor (Moscatel) - Vino Espumoso - Vendimia Tardía

Answer 137

- The appellation is less arid than the rest of Aragon, but well-drained soils help balance the increased rainfall -

Answer 138

- Gewürztraminer, Riesling, and Chardonnay, as well as Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot.

Answer 139

- Blanco (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce): Blanco: Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer, Garnacha Blanca, Alcañón, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Macabeo - Rosado (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce) - Tinto (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce): Tinto: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Tempranillo, Syrah, Garnacha Tinta, Moristel, Pinot Noir, Parraleta - Vino de Licor - Vino Espumoso - Vino Naturalmente Dulce

Answer 140

- Somontano

Answer 141

- Alcañón, and reds Parraleta (not to be confused with the white Parellada) and Moristel

Answer 142

- Priorat DOQ - Alella DO - Catalunya DO - Cava DO - Conca de Barberà DO - Costers del Segre DO - Empordà DO - Montsant DO - Penedès DO - Pla de Bages DO - Tarragona DO - Terra Alta DO

Answer 143

- Penedès Marítim: Baix- (low) Penedès: 250 meters - Penedès Central, or Mitja- (middle) Penedès: 250 and 500 meters - Penedès Superior, or Alt- (high) Penedès, 500 and 850 meters

Answer 144

Blanco / Blanc: Macabeo, Xarel.lo, Parellada, Subirat Parent, Garnacha blanca, Moscatel de Alejandría, Moscatel de grano menudo, Malvasía de Sitges, Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Riesling, Gewurztraminer , Chenin, Sumoi blanco, Viognier, Xarel.lo rosado, and Forcada. Rosado / Rosat Tinto / Negre: Ull de Llebre, Garnacha tinta, Samsó, Monastrell, Sumoi tinto, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot noir, Syrah, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, and Moneu. Vino Dulce Natural / Vi Dolç Natural: Vi de Licor Vino Dulce de Uva Sobremadurada (Vi Dolç di Raïm Sobremadurat): Vi de Licor made from overripe grapes Vino Dulce de Frio Vino Aguja / Vi d'Agulla: (semi-sparkling, 1-2.5 bars of pressure) Clàssic Penedès: Sparkling wine made by traditional or ancestral method from organic grapes, min. 3.5 bars of pressure

Answer 145

- Semi-sparkling, 1-2.5 bars of pressure

Answer 146

- Gratallops

Answer 147

- René Barbier (Clos Mogador) - Álvaro Palacios (Clos Dofí, now Finca Dofí), - Daphne Glorian (Clos Erasmus) - José Luis Pérez (Clos Martinet, now Mas Martinet) - Carlos Pastrana and Mariona Jarque (Clos de l’Obac)

Answer 148

- “Village wine” category, comparable to the various villages in Burgundy whose names can be featured on labels

Answer 149

- La Morera de Montsant, - Gratallops, - Bellmunt del Priorat, - Escaladei, - Porrera, Poboleda, - La Vilella Baixa, - La Vilella Alta, - El Lloar, - Masos del Terme de Falset, - Solanes del Terme de El Molar - Torroja del Priorat

Answer 150

- Steep hillsides - Narrow terraces that typically fit only a row or two - Serra de Montsant, protecting this inland Mediterranean area from fierce winds - Wide diurnal swings and low annual rainfall - Siurana River - Yields are very low - Licorella: reflective black-red surface radiates heat back onto the vines

Answer 151

- Llicorella: schistose mica and quartzite

Answer 152

- Recommended: Garnatxa Negre (Grenache), Carinyena/Samsó (Carignan) - Authorized: Garnatxa Peluda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo), Pinot Noir, Syrah, Merlot, Picapoll Negre (Puntxó Fort)

Answer 153

- Blanc: Garnatxa Blanca, Macabeu, Pedro Ximénez, Chenin Blanc, Moscatell d'Alexandria, Moscatell de Gra Petit, Xarel·lo, Picapoll, Viognier

Answer 154

- Wines must hold 60% Garnacha and Cariñena, or 50% if only one is included in the blend.

Answer 155

- Single vineyard, (independent of Vi de Vinya): 100% Sourced from designated parcel. Only allowed for wines that also qualify for Catalan "Vi de Finca".

Answer 156

- Clos Mogador - Vall Llach’s Mas de la Rosa

Answer 157

- DOQ Priorat: Regional Wine - Vi de Vila: Village wines - Vi de Paratge: Lieux dits - Vi de Vinya Classificada: minimum 20-year-old vines: Premier Cru - Vi de Gran Vinya Classificada will identify minimum 35-year-old vines: Grand Cru

Answer 158

- Planted before 1945 or vines at least 75 years of age.

Answer 159

- Min. 12 months in oak (negre only)

Answer 160

- Rosado wines are also bottled, as are the typical fortified vi dolç natural (usually sweet reds with added grape spirit), rancio, and mistela wines.

Answer 161

- L'Ermita Velles Vinyes: Gratallops: Garnacha - Finca Dofi: Gratallops: Garnacha

Answer 162

- Clos i Terrasses Clos Erasmus: Garnacha

Answer 163

- Clos Mogador Vinya Classificada: Gratallops: Grenache, Carignane, Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon. - La Quinta Essencia: Fruit Brandy / Eau-de-Vie - Nelin: Grenache Blanc, Macabeu (aka Macabeo or Viura), and the obscure Escanyavelles

Answer 164

- Escanyavella is a white Catalan wine grape variety planted primarily in DOQ Priorat. The name literally translates from Catalan as "old lady strangler"

Answer 165

- Clos Martinet, now Mas Martinet: Cariñena and Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot ,Garnacha - Pesseroles Brisat: orange wine, whit blend: Garnatxa Blanca, Picapoll Blanc, Pedro Ximenez

Answer 166

- Clos de l’Obac: Gratallops: Grenache, Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Merlot, and Carignan - Kyrie: Grenache, Macabeu, Xarel·lo, and Alexandria Muscat. - Miserere: Grenache, Ull de Llebre Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot,Carignan.

Answer 167

- The southwestern corridor descends nearly to the Ebro River Valley and enjoys the warmest temperatures of the region, with portions planted in the same llicorella soils as Priorat - The northern areas have cooler conditions, as well as more limestone, while vineyards in the south around Falset, the appellation’s main town, are sandier.

Answer 168

- Blanco / Blanc - Rosado / Rosat - Tinto / Negre - Vino Rancio / Vi Ranci: white or red authorized grapes (fortified) - Mistela (Blanca/Negra) - Garnatxa de Montsant: Vi de Licor (fortified) - Vino Dulce Natural / Vi Dolç Natural: Vi de Licor, min. must weight of 272 g/l (fortified) - Vimblanc: Vi de Licor, 100% Pansa (dried grapes, fortified)

Answer 169

- Vi de Licor, 100% Pansa (dried grapes, fortified)

Answer 170

- Camp de Tarragona: Mediterranean - Comarca Ribera d’Ebre: surrounds the Ebro River near its mouth

Answer 171

- More continental influence, and vineyards are planted at various elevations from the river’s banks to higher up the hillsides

Answer 172

- Blanca / Blanc: Blanco: Chardonnay, Garnatxa Blanca, Macabeu, Xarel·lo, Moscatell de Gra Petit, Moscatell d'Alexandria, Parellada, Sauvignon Blanc, Subirat Parent (Malvasia) - Rosado / Rosat - Tinta / Negre: Cabernet Sauvignon, Sumoll, Samsó/Carinyena (Carignan), Garnatxa Negre, Merlot, Garrut (Monastrell), Syrah, Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo), Pinot Noir - Vino Brisado (Orange Wine) (Authorized white grapes plus Xarello Rosado) - Vino de Aguja / Vi d'Agulla (semi-sparkling) - Vino Espumoso / Vi Escumós - Vino Rancio / Vi Ranci: Oxidized wine - Mistela (Blanca/Negra, fortified) - Moscatell de Tarragona (Vi de Licor produced from Moscatell d'Alexandria and Moscatell de Gra Petit) - Garnatxa de Tarragona (Vi de Licor produced from Garnatxa Blanca and Negre) - Vimblanc (Made from overripe grapes)

Answer 173

- Orange wine

Answer 174

- Predominately Macabeo and Parellada, along with Chardonnay. - Red: Trepat, used for Cava, rosados, and lighter-bodied, slightly spicy reds - Recommended: Macabeu, Chardonnay, Garnatxa Blanca, Chenin Blanc, Moscatel de Gra Petit, Parellada, Sauvignon Blanc Authorized: Moscatel d'Alexandria - Recommended: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Garnatxa Negre, Monastrell, Pinot Noir, Merlot, Syrah, Trepat, Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo), Samsó/Carinyena (Carignan), Querol, and Garro

Answer 175

- Grans Muralles: Famila Torres: Garnacha Tinta Cariñena Querol Monastrell Garró - Milmanda: White

Answer 176

- Urgell, Garrigues, Pallars Jussà, Raimat, Artesa de Segre, Segrià, and Vall del Riucorb.

Answer 177

- Soils are generally sandy limestone, while elevations extend between 200 and 1,000 meters

Answer 178

- Raimat: Manuel Raventós of Codorníu purchased a 2,245-hectare estate

Answer 179

- Garnacha Blanca

Answer 180

- traditional styles of sweet and fortified wines, such as rancios and mistelas -

Answer 181

- Terra Alta’s soils are rich in limestone and have good drainage; as the name suggests, elevations are relatively high, between 350 and 800 meters above sea level - Blanco / Blanc: Recommended: Garnatxa Blanca, Macabeu, Parellada Authorized: Sauvignon Blanc, Moscatell de Gra Petit, Moscatell d'Alexandria, Chardonnay, Pedro Ximénez, Chenin Blanc, and Viogner - Rosado / Rosat - Tinto / Negre: Recommended: Garnatxa Negre, Garnatxa Peluda, Samsó/Carinyena (Carignan) Authorized: Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo), Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Syrah, Merlot, Garnatxa Tintera (Alicante Bouschet), and Morenillo - Vino Rancio / Vi Ranci: Garnatxa (Blanca or Negre) and/or Macabeu, oxidized wine - Vino Dulce Natural / Vi Dolç Natural (fortified, grapes harvested at a min. must weight of 250 g/l) - Mistela (Blanca/Tinta, fortified) Vino Garnacha (Vino de Licor produced from overripe grapes) - Vino Aguja / Vi d'Agulla: (semi-sparkling with 1-2.5 bars of pressure) - Vino Espumoso / Vi Escumós (made by traditional method, min. 3.5 bars of pressure)

Answer 182

- Garnacha Blanca; a transitional zone, where Xarel·lo (known locally as Pansa Blanca), Garnacha, and Tempranillo perform well - Recommended: Pansa Blanca (Xarel·lo), Garnatxa Blanca - Recommended: Garnatxa Negre

Answer 183

- Soils, a sandy granite topsoil.

Answer 184

- Macabeo and Picapoll Blanco - Recommended: Macabeu, Chardonnay, Picapoll, Parellada - Recommended: Cabernet Sauvignon, Garnatxa Negre, Merlot, Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo), Sumoll

Answer 185

- Vi de licor, from Garnacha (Blanca, Negra, or Roja) or Moscatel, resembles the vins doux naturels of Banyuls and Rivesaltes. - Cariñena (here Carinyena) and Garnacha can produce quality reds, as can Garnacha Blanca, Macabeo, and Cariñena Blanca (here Carinyena Blanca), - Blanco Rosado Tinto Garnatxa de l'Empordà: Vi de Licor, designated "rubí" if made with Garnatxa Negre, or "ambre" if made with Garnatxa Blanca, may be labeled "vi dolç natural" with a min. must weight of 270 g/l Moscatell de l'Empordà: Vi de Licor, may be labeled "vi dolç natural" with a min. must weight of 270 g/l Vino de Aguja, Vi d'Agulla (semi-sparkling) Vino Espumoso, Vi Escumós Mistela (Blanca/Tinta) Vi de raïms sobremadurat: Vi de Licor made from over-ripe grapes

Answer 186

- Flanked on one side by the Mediterranean and on another by the Pyrenees and the French border. The appellation is deeply impacted by the fierce and cold Tramontana wind coming from the Massif Central

Answer 187

- Alt Empordà - Baix Empordà

Answer 188

- Blanco / Blanc Rosado / Rosat Tinto / Negre Vino de Licor / Vi de licor Vino de Aguja / Vi d'agulla

Answer 189

- Alicante DO - Utiel-Requena DO - Valencia DO

Answer 190

- Alto Turia, cultivates predominately white Merseguera and Macabeo 700 and 1,100 meters. - Moscatel: mistelas and fortified wines (Moscatel de Alejandría being the most significant) - Valentino: Sémillon, Chardonnay, Garnacha Tintorera, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Tempranillo - Clariano: Garnacha Tintorera, Monastrell, and Tempranillo

Answer 191

- L´Alacantí, L’Alcoià, Alto Vinalopó, Medio Vinalopó, Bajo Vinalopó, La Marina Alta, La Marina Baja, El Comtat

Answer 192

- Monastrell, accounting for roughly 75%, Garnacha, Garnacha Tintorera, and Tempranillo - Airén, Moscatel de Alejandría, Macabeo, and the local grape Merseguera, - Blanco (Seco) Rosado (Seco) Tinto (Seco): Alicante Singular Vino de Licor (blancos, rosados, tintos) Vino Noble Alicante (blancos, rosados, tintos): Wines must be produced exclusively from recommended varieties and may not be fortified Vino Añejo (blancos, rosados, tintos): Fondillón: 100% Monastrell (overripe grapes, not fortified) Espumosos (blancos, rosados): Espumosos Aromáticos de Calidad (blancos): Made entirely from Moscatel

Answer 193

- Fondillón: 100% Monastrell (overripe grapes, not fortified) - Harvested in early to mid-November (by which point the berries will naturally experience) - Fermentation naturally halts off-dry, - 20 to 50 grams per liter of residual sugar - Solera system in large oak barrels - Average age of 10 years (the name Fondillón likely originates with al fondo, or “at the bottom,”

Answer 194

- Primitivo Quiles: Gran Reserva Solera 1948 Fondillon, Alicante, Spain

Answer 195

- 72%, Bobal - Blanco: Macabeo, Merseguera, Planta Nova (Tardana), Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Parrellada, Verdejo, Moscatel de grano menudo (combined white varieties may account for a maximum 15% of vineyard acreage) - Tinto: Bobal, Tempranillo, Garnacha Tinta, Garnacha Tintorera, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Pinot Noir, Petit Verdot, Cabernet Franc

Answer 196

- low-alcohol wine

Answer 197

- Bullas DO - Jumilla DO - Yecla DO

Answer 198

- Vines are planted at relatively high elevation, between 400 and 800 meters above sea level, and the loamy, well-drained soil sits atop limestone bedrock

Answer 199

- Red: Garnacha, Garnacha Tintorera, Tempranillo - Macabeo, Airén, and Merseguera - Blanco Rosado Tinto Vino Espumoso (traditional method, min. 9 months on the lees, Monastrell makes up a min. 85% of any rosado or tinto espumoso wine) Vino de Licor

Answer 200

- 400 to 800 meters, albeit sandier soils above limestone

Answer 201

- Blanco - Rosado - Tinto - Monastrell Tinto: min. 85% Monastrell - Monastrell Rosado: min. 85% Monastrell - Dulce (Blanco/Rosado/Tinto) - Vino de Licor: 100% Monastrell - Blanco: Airén, Macabeo, Malvasía, Pedro Ximénez, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Moscatel de Grano Menudo - Tinto: Monastrell, Garnacha Tintorera, Cencibel, Cabernet Sauvignon, Petit Verdot, Syrah, Merlot, Garnacha

Answer 202

- Blanco - Rosado: min. 60% Monastrell - Tinto: min. 60% Monastrell - Vino de Licor: 100% Monastrell - Vino Espumoso (traditional method, min. 9 months on the lees, Monastrell makes up a min. 65% of any rosado or tinto espumoso wine)

Answer 203

- Vinos de Madrid DO

Answer 204

- Arganda, Navalcarnero, San Martín de Valdeiglesias, El Molar

Answer 205

- The subzone lies southeast of the city, and its landscape features varied soils and a few coveted limestone plateaus. To the southwest, Navalcarnero is flat and loamy, while further west, San Martín is more granitic. San Martín is protected from cold northern winds by the Sierra de Gredos range and has a less arid climate and more verdant landscape than the rest of the appellation. El Molar is the newest subzone, designated in 2019.

Answer 206

- Traditional style for both red and effectively orange wines, where skin contact is permitted without racking for up to 180 days.

Answer 207

- Blanco - Rosado - Tinto: min. 85% authorized varieties - Vino Espumoso (blanco/rosado): only Albillo, Torrontés, Viura, Garnacha Tinta, Tinto Fino, Parellada, and Malvar are authorized, traditional method, min. 9 months on the lees - Sobremadre (blanco/tinto): traditional wines produced by long maceration (skin contact for up to 180 days)

Answer 208

Blanco: Malvar, Albillo, Airén, Viura, Torrontés, Parellada, Moscatel de Grano Menudo Tinto: Tinto Fino, Garnacha Tinta, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah Recommended Varieties by Subzone: Arganda: Malvar, Tinto Fino Navalcarnero: Malvar, Garnacha Tinta San Martín de Valdeiglesias: Albillo Real, Garnacha Tinta El Molar: Malvar, Garnacha Tinta

Answer 209

- Almansa DO - Campo de Calatrava DO - La Mancha DO - Manchuela DO - Méntrida DO - Mondéjar DO - Ribera del Júcar DO - Uclés DO - Valdepeñas DO

Answer 210

- Meaning “parched earth.” It’s an appropriate descriptor for the region’s dramatic continental climate, as summers can reach excruciatingly high temperatures, with an extreme lack of rainfall. Winters, in contrast, can be freezing. As a result, disease pressure is very low. Castilla-La Mancha’s vines sit atop the Meseta Central

Answer 211

- La Mancha DO - 160,000 hectares under vine

Answer 212

- Head trained - Each vine is spaced 2.5 meters from the next to reduce competition for water

Answer 213

- Cencibel

Answer 214

Blanco (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce) Blanco "Fermentado en Barrica" Rosado (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce) Tinto (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce) Tinto "Fermentado en Barrica" Vino Dulce Naturalmente (produced from dried grapes with a min. must weight of 300 g/l) Vino de Aguja (semi-sparkling blanco, tinto, or rosado with 1-2.5 bars of pressure) Vino Espumoso (blanco and rosado) (if made by a method other than the traditional method, it must be indicated on the label)

Answer 215

- Airen - Tempranillo - Blanco: Airén, Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer, Macabeo, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Parellada, Pedro Ximénez, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Torrontés, Verdejo, Viognier - Tinto: Bobal, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cencibel, Garnacha Tinta, Graciano, Malbec, Merlot, Mencía, Monastrell, Moravía Dulce (Crujidera), Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir, Syrah

Answer 216

Roble: min. 60 days in oak (max. 600 liter capacity) Crianza / Reserva / Gran Reserva Seco: max. 4 g/l residual sugar Semiseco: 4-12 g/l residual sugar Semidulce: 12-45 g/l residual sugar Dulce: min. 45 g/l residual sugar Vino Naturalmente Dulce: min. 45 g/l

Answer 217

- More Mediterranean influence than its western neighbor and approximately 20% higher rainfall

Answer 218

- Blanco (Seco,Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce): Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Sauvignon Blanc - Blanco "Fermentado en Barrica" - Rosado (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce) Tinto: Cencibel, Bobal, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Syrah, Petit Verdot

Answer 219

- Between the Júcar and Cabriel river valleys, Manchuela has a more Mediterranean climate, with greater humidity and rain than both La Mancha and Ribera del Júcar.

Answer 220

- Bobal dominates - Blanco: Albillo, Chardonnay, Macabeo, Sauvignon Blanc, Verdejo, Pardillo, Viognier, Moscatel de Grano Menudo Blanco "Fermentado en Barrica" Brisado Rosado: min. 85% red varieties Tinto: Bobal, Cab. Sauvignon, Cencibel, Garnacha, Merlot, Monastrell, Moravía Dulce, Moravía Agria, Syrah, Garnacha Tintorera, Malbec, Mazuelo, Graciano, Rojal, Frasco, Petit Verdot, Cab. Franc, Pinot Noir Tinto "Fermentado en Barrica" Vino Espumoso Vino de Hielo

Answer 221

- Ice Wine

Answer 222

- Between the Meseta and the Levant. Almansa is semi-arid, with limestone soils, and spans a series of hills at an average of 700 meters elevation

Answer 223

- Primary variety is Monastrell, followed by Garnacha Tintorera - Blanco (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce):Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Verdejo, Moscatel de Grano Menudo Blanco "Fermentado en Barrica" Rosado (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce) Tinto (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce): Garnacha Tintorera, Monastrell, Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Garnacha

Answer 224

- Los Llanos (literally “the flats”) western sector - North on the sloped plantings of Las Aberturas (meaning “the passes”).

Answer 225

- Blanco (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce) - Blanco "Fermentado en Barrica" - Rosado: min. 25% red varieties (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce) - Tinto: min. 85% red varieties (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce) - Tinto "Tradicional": min. 85% authorized red varieties - Vino Espumoso (Blanco and Rosado)

Answer 226

- Blanco: Airén, Macabeo, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Verdejo - Tinto: Cencibel (Tempranillo), Cabernet Sauvignon, Garnacha, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Syrah

Answer 227

- The appellation, dominated by sandy granitic soils, experiences extreme continental conditions, though the Gredos Mountains will guard from colder winds

Answer 228

Blanco: Albillo Real, Macabeo, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Verdejo, Moscatel de Grano Menudo Rosado Tinto: Garnacha, Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Petit Verdot, Syrah, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Graciano

Answer 229

- The region is separated in half by the Sierra de Altomira range, with the western sector, which surpasses 1,000 meters, higher in elevation than the east.

Answer 230

- Blanco (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce): Verdejo, Chardonnay, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Sauvignon Blanc, Macabeo - Blanco "Fermentado en Barrica" - Rosado - Tinto: Cencibel (Tempranillo), Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Garnacha Tinta, Syrah - Vino Espumoso (blanco only)

Answer 231

- Blanco (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce): Malvar, Macabeo, Torrontés, Sauvignon Blanc, Moscatel, Verdejo - Blanco "Fermentado en Barrica" - Rosado: 100% red varieties - Tinto: Cencibel (Tempranillo), Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah

Answer 232

- Ribera del Guadiana DO

Answer 233

- Tierra de Barros - Ribera Alta - Ribera Baja - Montánchez - Matanegra - Cañamero

Answer 234

- Sheep grazing - Black-legged pigs, whose jamón serrano - Home to most of Spain’s cork production

Answer 235

- Tierra de Barros

Answer 236

- Blanco: Alarije, Borba, Cayetana Blanca, Cigüente, Pardina, Viura, Chardonnay, Montúa (Chelva), Eva (Beba de los Santos), Malvar, Moscatel de Alejandría, Moscatel de grano menudo, Parellada, Perruno, Sauvignon Blanc, Verdejo, Pedro Ximénez - Rosado - Tinto: Bobal, Cabernet Sauvignon, Garnacha Tinta, Graciano, Garnacha Tintorera, Jaen, Mazuela, Merlot, Monastrell, Pinot Noir, Petit Verdot, Tempranillo, Syrah

Answer 237

- Andalucía finds a variety of climatic influences, merging the Mediterranean’s warmth with the colder winds from the Atlantic. Moving inland, Andalucía transitions to more continental conditions, especially as it scales in elevation to its various mountainous zones. - Distinctive albariza (chalk soil)

Answer 238

- Condado de Huelva - Granada - Jerez-Xérès-Sherry - Manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda - Málaga & Sierras de Málaga - Montilla-Moriles

Answer 239

- Pálido and viejo. Condado Pálido (or “pale”) is the lighter of the two, aged biologically under flor like a Fino Sherry, and similarly fortified to approximately 15.5% alcohol - Viejo (or “old”) is the more distinctive. Fortified between 17 and 22% alcohol, the wines are aged oxidatively and better resemble Oloroso Sherry at their finest

Answer 240

- “cream” - “medium,”

Answer 241

- Blanco Tradicional: min. one year - Vino Pálido/Viejo: min. 3 years in wood - Vino Generoso de Licor: min. 2 years in wood - American oak butts (up to 650 liters in capacity)

Answer 242

Blanco Blanco Joven: fermentation temp. cannot exceed 20°C Blanco Tradicional: traditional fermentation Condado Pálido: Generoso style produced in a solera, biological aging Condado Viejo: Generoso style produced in a solera, oxidative aging Vino Generoso de Licor: Generoso style produced in solera, may be released as "pale dry", "cream", "pale cream", and "medium" Tinto: Joven, Crianza, Reserva, Gran Reserva

Answer 243

Blanco: Recommended: Zalema Authorized: Palomino Fino, Listán B, Pedro Ximénez, Garrido Fino, Moscatel de Alejandría, Colombard, Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay Tinto: Syrah, Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc and Merlot

Answer 244

- Málaga DO is designated for sweet wines - Sierras de Málaga DO refers to dry table white, rosado, and red wines - Wines made in the same area.

Answer 245

- Axarquía, - Montes de Málaga, - Manilva, Norte, - Serrania de Ronda

Answer 246

- Sub-Area: Serranía de Ronda - Areas: Axarquía, Montes de Málaga, Manilva, Costa Occidental, Norte de Málaga, and Sierra de las Nieves

Answer 247

- These vineyards sit at the highest elevations, at 750 meters above sea level. -- Soils throughout the region are diverse, though Norte has more limestone content and Axarquía gravelly chalk. The climate, too, shifts from Mediterranean nearer the water to continental at higher sites, where there is a wider diurnal shift.

Answer 248

- Blanco - Rosado - Tinto - Sobremaduradas

Answer 249

Blanco: Chardonnay, Colombard, Doradilla, Gewürztraminer, Garnacha Blanca, Lairen, Macabeo, Malvasía Aromática, Montúa, Moscatel de Alejandría, Moscatel de grano menudo, Pardina, Pedro Ximénez Perruno, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Verdejo, Vermentino, Vijariego Blanco, and Viognier Tinto: Blaufränkisch, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Garnacha, Graciano, Jaén Tinto, Malbec, Merlot, Monastrell, Moscatel Negro, Petit Verdot, Pinot Noir, Rome, Tempranillo, Tinta Velasco, Tintilla de Rota, and Syrah

Answer 250

- Blanco/Rosado/Tinto: Max. 12 g/l:minimum of two years (six months in oak) - Sobremaduradas: Min 45 g/l - Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva designations according to national standards

Answer 251

- White: Lairén, Doradilla, - Red: Romé

Answer 252

- Recommended: Pedro Ximénez, Moscatel de Alejandría, Moscatel de Grano Menudo (Moscatel Morisco) - Authorized: Max 30% Lairén, Doradilla, Romé (Romé is the only red grape authorized.)

Answer 253

Vino Seco (not fortified): min. 70% recommended grapes Vino de Uvas Sobremaduradas (not fortified): Sweet wines produced from overripe grapes Vino Dulce Vino Naturalmente Dulce: recommended grapes only, min. 300 g/l must weight Vino de Uvas Pasificadas Dulce (not fortified): Sweet wines produced from dried grapes. Vino de Licor (fortified Seco, Semiseco/Abocado, Semidulce, Dulce): min. 70% recommended grapes (except Málaga Pálido requires 100% recommended grapes) Dulce Vino de Licor includes the following categories: Vino Maestro: fresh grapes of Pedro Ximénez and/or Moscatel, fortified before fermentation starts Vino Dulce Natural: fresh grapes, fortified after fermentation starts with 4-7% naturally acquired alcohol, 212 g/l min. must weight Vino Tierno: "sunned" grapes, fortified after fermentation starts, 350 g/l min. must weight (after "soleo" drying process

Answer 254

- From sun-dried grapes, with clusters left to raisinate outdoors on grass mats, or espartos

Answer 255

- Málaga Pálido: no minimum (produced without the addition of arrope) - Málaga: min. 6 months in oak - Málaga Noble: 24 to 36 months in oak - Málaga Añejo: 36 to 60 months in oak - Málaga Trasañejo: min. 60 months in oak

Answer 256

- further concentrated arrope; and vino borracho, or “drunk wine,” a fortifying agent consisting of both wine and spirit.

Answer 257

Vino Seco: max. 4 g/l Vino de Licor Seco: less than 45 g/l Vino de Licor Semiseco: 12-45 g/l Vino de Licor Semidulce: 45-140 g/l Vino de Licor Dulce: min. 45 g/l Vino de Licor Dulce Maestro: min. 100 g/l Vino de Uvas Sobremaduradas Dulce: min. 45 g/l Vino de Uvas Sobremaduradas Naturalmente Dulce: min. 80 g/l Vino de Uvas Pasificadas Dulce: min. 140 g/l Pajarete: 45-140 g/l (produced without the addition of arrope or pantomima) Pale Dry: max. 45 g/l (produced without the addition of arrope or pantomima) Pale Cream: 45-100 g/l (produced without the addition of arrope or pantomima) Cream/Dulce Crema: 75-125 g/l Sweet: min. 140 g/l

Answer 258

Moilino Real Mountain Wines - Mountain BLANCO: 100% Muscat of Alexandria - Molino Real: 100% Muscat of Alexandria - Single Vineyard: OLD MOUNTAIN: 100% Muscat of Alexandria - MR: 100% Muscat of Alexandria

Answer 259

- Contraviesa-Alpujarra, - Geoparque-Norte, - Poniente

Answer 260

Blanco Rosado Tinto Espumoso / Vinos espumosos de calidad Uva Sobremaduradas (blanco, rosado, tinto) Contraviesa - Alpujarra Blanco/Rosado/Tinto/Espumoso Espumoso must be min. 70% Vijiriego

Answer 261

Blanco: Vijiriego, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Moscatel de Alejandría, Moscatel de grano menudo o morisca, Pedro Ximenez, Palomino, Jaén Blanco, Torrontés, Blanca Gordal, Macabeo and Viognier Tinto: Tempranillo, Garnacha Tinta, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Syrah, Pinot Noir, Monastrell, Romé, Petit Verdot Espumoso: Vijiriego, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Moscatel de Alejandría, Moscatel de grano menudo o morisca, Torrontés, Macabeo, Blanca Gordal, Viognier Pinot Noir, Garnacha Tinta, and Syrah Contraviesa-Alpujarra Blanco: Vijiriego, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Moscatel, Pedro Ximenez, Baladí Verdejo, and Viognier Tinto: Tempranillo, Garnacha Tinta, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Syrah, Pinot Noir, amd Petit Verdot Espumoso: Vijiriego, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Viognier

Answer 262

- Binissalem DO (smaller) - Pla i Llevant DO

Answer 263

- Ibiza - Formentera - Mallorca - Menorca

Answer 264

- Hereus de Ribas: Bodega Ribas, Pedro Ribasa in 1711

Answer 265

- Mediterranean climate, though with generally cooler summers than mainland Spain

Answer 266

- Binissalem’s vineyards are confined to the center of the island, northeast of the capital, Palma de Mallorca. The Serra de Tramuntana range shields Binissalem’s vines from cold northerly winds

Answer 267

- Blanco (Blanc): min. 50% Moll OR min. 50% Muscat varieties Rosado (Rosat): max. 30% Gorgollassa - Tinto (Negre): min. 30% Manto Negro, max. 30% Gorgollassa - Vino Espumoso (Escúmos): min. 50% Moll along with Parellada, Macabeo, Chardonnay, and Giró Ros for white sparkling wines, max. 30% Gorgollassa for rosé sparkling wines

Answer 268

- Blanco: Moll (Prensal Blanco), Macabeo, Parellada, Chardonnay, Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat à Petits Grains, Giró Ros - Tinto: Manto Negro, Callet, Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo), Monastrell, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Gorgollassa

Answer 269

- The landscape is rather flat (pla translates to “plain”), and elevations hardly rise above sea level. In comparison to Binissalem, Pla i Llevant’s soils are more fertile and its vines more exposed to wind and frost damage.

Answer 270

- French grapes, such as Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Chardonnay, dominate the appellation, though Moll, Manto Negro, Callet, and the red native Fogoneu are also authorized - Blanco: Moscatel, Moll (Prensal Blanco), Macabeo, Parellada, Chardonnay, Riesling Rosado - Tinto: Callet, Fogoneu, Tempranillo, Manto Negro, Monastrell, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Pinot Noir Vino de Licor Vino de Aguja (semi-sparkling) Vino Espumoso

Answer 271

Abona DO El Hierro DO Gran Canaria DO La Gomera DO Islas Canarias VC La Palma DO Lanzarote DO Tacoronte-Acentejo DO Valle de Güímar DO Valle de la Orotava DO Ycoden-Daute-Isora DO

Answer 272

- 100 kilometers west of Morocco - 28th parallel - Some vineyards are as high as 1,500 meters - Less seasonal variation - Volcanic-derived soils

Answer 273

- Fuerteventura

Answer 274

- Malvasia di Lipari - Malmsey” of Madeira

Answer 275

- Malvasia di Lipari and Marmajuelo

Answer 276

- Madeira’s Bual

Answer 277

- Diego on Lanzarote

Answer 278

- Madeira’s Tinta Negra

Answer 279

- Bruñal in Arribes and Alfrocheiro in Portugal

Answer 280

- Trousseau, and also called Tintilla on the Canary Islands

Answer 281

- Tenerife

Answer 282

- Mount Teide: highest peak of Spain at 3,718 meters - High-elevation, slope-side plantings at cooler sites - Wind patterns usually blow from north to south, creating a sort of rain shadow effect on the island - Teide traps the humid air on the north side of the island, leaving hotter, more arid conditions to the south. -

Answer 283

- Small family growers

Answer 284

- Tacoronte-Acentejo DO (oldest and largest ) - Valle de la Orotava DO - Ycoden-Daute-Isora DO - Valle de Güímar DO - Abona DO

Answer 285

- Northeastern stretch of the island. Vines are cultivated up to 1,000 meters, with the layer of reddish, loamy topsoil thinning with increased elevation and exposing more of the volcanic subsoil

Answer 286

- Listán Negro and Negramoll

Answer 287

Vino Blanco Vino Rosado (minimum 50% red grapes) Vino Tinto (minimum 90% red grapes) Vino de Licor Vino Naturalmente Dulce Vino de Uva Sobremadurada: over-ripe grape Vino Espumoso

Answer 288

Recommended Blanco: Albillo Criollo, Bermejuela (Marmajuelo) Forastera Blanca, Doradilla, Gual, Malvasía Aromática, Malvasía Volcánica, Moscatel de Alejandría, Sabro, Verdello, Vijariego Blanco or Diego Authorized Blanco: Bastardo Blanco (Baboso Blanco), Listán Blanco de Canarias, Pedro Ximénez, Torrontés, Brevel, Burrablanca, Recommended Tinto: Castellana Negra, Listán Negro(Almuñeco), Malvasía Rosada, Negramoll, Tintilla Authorized Tinto: Bastardo Negro (Baboso Negro), Cabernet Sauvignon, Listan Prieto, Merlot, Moscatel Negro, Pinot Noir, Ruby Cabernet, Syrah, Tempranillo, Vijariego Negro.

Answer 289

- Southwest - 200 and 800 meters - Higher proportions of clay

Answer 290

- Cordón Trenzado: (braid) (warkocz): The method involves braiding vines for several meters—often more than 10—and raising the cordons at regular intervals with small sticks so that grape clusters don't touch the earth. Several of these vines exceed one or two centuries in age. During dormancy, the braided vines can be moved to the side to allow for additional crops

Answer 291

- Listán Blanco and Listán Negro

Answer 292

Vino Blanco Vino Rosado Vino Tinto Vino de Licor Vino Dulce Clásico Vino Espumoso/Vino Espumoso de Calidad/Vino Espumoso Aromático de Calidad Recommended Blanco: Albillo Criollo, Bermejuela (Marmajuelo) Forastera Blanca, Doradilla, Gual, Malvasía Aromática, Malvasía Volcánica, Moscatel de Alejandría, Sabro, Verdello, Vijariego Blanco or Diego Authorized Blanco: Bastardo Blanco (Baboso Blanco), Listán Blanco de Canarias, Pedro Ximénez, Torrontés, Brevel, Burrablanca, Recommended Tinto: Castellana Negra, Listán Negro(Almuñeco), Malvasía Rosada, Negramoll, Tintilla Authorized Tinto: Bastardo Negro (Baboso Negro), Cabernet Sauvignon, Listan Prieto, Merlot, Moscatel Negro, Pinot Noir, Ruby Cabernet, Syrah, Tempranillo, Vijariego Negro.

Answer 293

- Elevations can reach 1,000 meters, though the appellation is overall hotter, wetter, and sandier, especially vineyards near the coast.

Answer 294

- Listán Blanco, which covers approximately 70% of the DO

Answer 295

Styles: Vino Blanco Vino Rosado Vino Tinto/Vino Tinto de Maceración Carbónica Vino de Licor Vino Malvasia Clásico Vinos Espumosos de Calidad Varieties: Recommended Blanco: Albillo Criollo, Bermejuela (Marmajuelo) Forastera Blanca, Doradilla, Gual, Malvasía Aromática, Malvasía Volcánica, Moscatel de Alejandría, Sabro, Verdello, Vijariego Blanco or Diego Authorized Blanco: Bastardo Blanco (Baboso Blanco), Listán Blanco de Canarias, Pedro Ximénez, Torrontés, Recommended Tinto: Castellana Negra, Listán Negro(Almuñeco), Malvasía Rosada, Negramoll, Tintilla Authorized Tinto: Bastardo Negro (Baboso Negro), Moscatel Negro, Vijariego Negro. Vino Malvasia Clásico: 100% Malvasia

Answer 296

- Experiences much drier conditions than vineyards on the opposite side of Teide. Elevation proves vital for quality viticulture, with the top sites ranging between 800 and 1,400 meters

Answer 297

- Listán Blanco

Answer 298

Styles: Vino Blanco Vino Rosado Vino Tinto Vino de Licor Vino Espumoso de Calidad Vino de Aguja Vino de Aguja Gasificado Mosto de Uva Parcialmente Fermentado Vino Dulce Clásico Varieties: Recommended Blanco: Albillo Criollo, Bermejuela (Marmajuelo) Forastera Blanca, Doradilla, Gual, Malvasía Aromática, Malvasía Volcánica, Moscatel de Alejandría, Sabro, Verdello, Vijariego Blanco or Diego Authorized Blanco: Listán Blanco de Canarias, Pedro Ximénez, Torrontés, Burrablanca, Recommended Tinto: Castellana Negra, Listán Negro(Almuñeco), Malvasía Rosada, Negramoll, Tintilla Authorized Tinto: Bastardo Negro (Baboso Negro), Cabernet Sauvignon, Listan Prieto, Merlot, Moscatel Negro, Pinot Noir, Ruby Cabernet, Syrah, Tempranillo, Vijariego Negro.

Answer 299

- U-shape on the southern half of Tenerife. Europe’s highest vineyards are here, scaling beyond 1,600 meters.

Answer 300

- Listán Blanco: more important - Listán Negro

Answer 301

Styles: Blanco Rosado Tinto Vino de Licor Vino Espumoso Vino de Aguja Gasificado Vino de Dulce Clásicos Varieties: Recommended Blanco: Albillo Criollo, Bermejuela (Marmajuelo) Forastera Blanca, Doradilla, Gual, Malvasía Aromática, Malvasía Volcánica, Moscatel de Alejandría, Sabro, Verdello, Vijariego Blanco or Diego. Authorized Blanco: Bastardo Blanco (Baboso Blanco), Listán Blanco de Canarias, Pedro Ximénez, Torrontés. Recommended Tinto: Castellana Negra, Listán Negro(Almuñeco), Malvasía Rosada, Negramoll, Tintilla Authorized Tinto: Bastardo Negro (Baboso Negro), Cabernet Sauvignon, Listan Prieto, Merlot, Moscatel Negro, Pinot Noir, Ruby Cabernet, Syrah, Tempranillo, Vijariego Negro

Answer 302

- Black volcanic topsoil - Ceniza: a sandy substance derived from the ash and lava of a six-year eruption from the 1730s

Answer 303

- Pits deep enough to penetrate a layer of subsoil that can carry sufficient moisture for the plants. - 10 meters in diameter to 5 meters in depth - The shallow basins also help shelter the vines from fiercely hot and humid winds from the west that would shrivel their berries and coat them in the ash

Answer 304

- Series of trenches similarly protected by rows of stone mounds

Answer 305

- Timanfaya National Park

Answer 306

- For its historic sweet wines, both fortified and unfortified - Styles: Vino Blanco Vino Rosado Vino Tinto Vino Uva Sobremadurada Vino de Licor Vino Espumoso de Calidad/Vino Espumoso Varieties: Recommended Blanco: Albillo Criollo, Gual, Malvasía Volcánica, Moscatel de Alejandría, Vijariego Blanco or Diego, Verdello. Authorized Blanco: Burrablanca, Breval, Listán Blanco de Canarias, Pedro Ximénez, Torrontés Recommended Tinto:Listán Negra(Almuñeco), Negramoll, Malvasía Rosada, Tintilla. Authorized Tinto: Bastardo Negro (Baboso Negro), Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Moscatel Negro, Pinot Noir, Ruby Cabernet, Syrah Tempranillo, Vijariego Negro.

Answer 307

- Westernmost of the Canary Islands. Its landscape emerges as the above-surface fragment of a much larger subaquatic volcanic rim. Unsurprisingly, soils are volcanic of various consistencies. Vineyards are carved into terraces, reaching up to 700 meters in elevation

Answer 308

Vino Blanco Vino Rosado Vino Tinto Vino Tinto Maceración Carbónica Vino de Licor Vino Dulce Clásico Vino Espumoso Varieties: Recommended Blanco: Bermejuela(Marmajuelo), Gual, Malvasía Aromática, Malvasía Volcánica, Moscatel de Alejandría, Vijariego Blanco or Diego. Authorized Blanco: Bastardo Blanco(Baboso Blanco), Burrablanca, Listán Blanco de Canarias, Pedro Ximénez. Recommended Tinto: Listán Negro o Almuñeco, Negramoll, Tintilla Authorized Tinto: Bastardo Negro(Baboso Negro), Vijariego Negro, Moscatel Negro. The following varieties may be utilized but not replanted: Albillo Criollo, Forastera Blanca, Doradilla, Verdello, Breval, Torrontés, Malvasía Rosada. Vino Dulce Clásico: is to be made from Pedro Ximénez, Moscatel, Malvasía Aromática, Malvasía Volcánica, Listán Blanco, Listán Negro, Negramoll, Vijariego, Bermejuela, Gual

Answer 309

- Vineyards here can reach as high as 1,100 meters. La Palma’s most distinctive product is vino de tea, a rancio style in any hue aged in 500-liter pine casks. Botrytized wines are also bottled on La Palma, and the island’s most widely planted grapes are Listán Blanco and Negramoll, among whites and reds, respectively. Other varieties, beyond the local specialty Malvasía, include Sabro, a grape used for sweet wines and believed to be harvested nowhere else in the world.

Answer 310

Styles: Vino Blanco Vino Rosado Vino Clarete Vino Tinto Vino de Tea (White, Rosé, Red) Vino Naturalmente Dulce Vino Espumoso Vino de Aguja Vino de Licor Varietal Wine: (min 85% of the stated varietal) Vino Negramoll Vino Malvasía Seco Vino Malvasía Dulce Varieties: Recommended Blanco: Albillo Criollo, Bermejuela (Marmajuelo) Forastera Blanca, Doradilla, Gual, Malvasía Aromática, Malvasía Volcánica, Moscatel de Alejandría, Sabro, Verdello, Vijariego Blanco or Diego. Authorized Blanco: Bastardo Blanco (Baboso Blanco), Listán Blanco de Canarias, Pedro Ximénez, Torrontés. Recommended Tinto: Castellana Negra, Listán Negro o Almuñeco, Malvasía Rosada, Negramoll, Tintilla Authorized Tinto: Bastardo Negro (Baboso Negro), Cabernet Sauvignon, Listan Prieto, Merlot, Moscatel Negro, Pinot Noir, Ruby Cabernet, Syrah, Tempranillo, Vijariego Negro.

Answer 311

- The wine is often fermented or stored in barrels made from this pine, which gives it a resinous, smoky flavor - La Palma

Answer 312

Styles: Vino Blanco Vino Rosado Vino Tinto Vino Tinto Maceración Carbónica Vino de Licor Vino Espumoso Vino Naturalmente Dulce Vino Blanco/Rosado Tradicional: Varietal wine: Forastera Blanca Varieties: Recommended Blanco: Albillo Criollo, Bermejuela (Marmajuelo), Forastera Blanca, Doradilla, Güal, Malvasía Aromática, Malvasía Volcánica, Moscatel de Alejandría, Sabro, Verdello, Vijariego Blanco or Diego Authorized Blanco: Bastardo Blanco (Baboso Blanco), Breval, Listán Blanco de Canarias, Pedro Ximénez, Torrontés. The variety Bastardo Blanco (Baboso Blanco) may be utilized but not replanted Recommended Tinto: Castellana Negra, Listán Negro (Almuñeco), Malvasía Rosada, Negramoll, Tintilla. Authorized Tinto: Bastardo Negro (Baboso Negro), Listán Prieto, Moscatel Negro, Vijariego Negro, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Ruby Cabernet, Syrah, Tempranillo. Vino Blanco Traditional / Vino Rosado Traditional: made from minimum 90% white grapes of which 90% must be Forastera

Answer 313

- DO Monte Lentiscal,

Answer 314

Styles: Blanco Rosado Tinto Vino de Licor Vino Espumoso Vino Dulce Clásico Varieties: Recommended Blanco: Albillo Criollo, Bermejuela (Marmajuelo), Forastera Blanca, Doradilla, Güal, Malvasía Aromática, Malvasía Volcánica, Moscatel de Alejandría, Sabro, Verdello, Vijariego Blanco or Diego. Authorized Blanco: Bastardo Blanco (Baboso Blanco), Breval, Burrablanca, Listán Blanco de Canarias, Pedro Ximénez, Torrontés. The variety Breval may be utilized but not replanted Recommended Tinto: Castellana Negra, Listán Negro (Almuñeco), Malvasía Rosada, Negramoll, Tintilla. Authorized Tinto: Bastardo Negro (Baboso Negro), Listán Prieto, Moscatel Negro, Vijariego Negro.

Answer 315

The Government of Andalucía, the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture and the European Commission have issued updates to the regulations regarding Manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda DO. * The name “Manzanilla/Manzanilla DO” is added as a protected term, equivalent to the stillapplicable “Manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda DO”. * The minimum required sugar content has been lowered from 5 g/l to 4 g/L. * The requirement for Manzanilla to be fortified (vinos generosos) remains, however, the language has been changed to reflect the term fortificación, rather than the term encabezado used previously. * A minimum of 7 years oak ageing is specified for Manzanilla Pasada. This replaces the less specific requirement for “prolonged maturing” * Palomino (Palomino Fino or Listán Blanco) is the only grape allowed for use in the Manzanilla DO. Pedro Ximenez and Moscatel are no longer approved. * Grapes used in the production of Manzanilla DO may be grown anywhere within the JerezXérès-Sherry DO, but the product must be aged in oak for at least two years within the municipality of Sanlúcar de Barrameda.

Answer 316

- The equivalent in France of the Domaine. - To qualify the estate must have been in existence prior to the arrival of Phylloxera in the 19th century. - Up to five wines per estate can be produced within this classification. - Vines must be a minimum of 10 years old.

Answer 317

- The equivalent of Grand Vin in France. - Only one wine per estate can qualify for this classification. The wine should have been recognised internationally for a minimum of 10 years. - Vines must be a minimum of 25 years old and yields 15% less than the DO maximum. - White wines to be aged for a minimum of 8 months before release. - Red wines to be aged a minimum of 20 months before release

Answer 318

- Finca Viladellops - Mas Rodó - Sumarroca - Alsina & Sarda - Huguet de Can Fixes

Answer 319

* Gran Vi de Mas Parany Carinyena * Vi de Mas Turó de les Abelles Garnaxta Negra * Vi de Mas Finca Viladellops Xarel-lo (100%) * Vi de Mas Finca Viladellops Selecció Garnaxta Negra

Answer 320

* Gan Vi de Mas Mas Rodó Macabeu * Vi de Mas Rodó Montonega * Vi de Mas Rodó Cabernet Sauvignon * Vi de Mas Rodó Reserva de la Propietat

Answer 321

- Gran Vi de Mas Bòria - Vi de Mas Marger

Answer 322

* Gran Vi de Mas Finca la Boltana Xarel-lo

Answer 323

* Vi de Mas Can Feixes Blanc Tradició

Answer 324

- 2025 - Alcohol - Minimum 10.5% abv - Permitted Grapes: Mencía, Tempranillo, Merenzao, Brancellao, Sousón, Caiño Tinto, Espadeiro, Ferrón, Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet), Gran Negro, and Mouratón

Answer 325

Castilla-La Mancha has announced Vino de Pago Rosalejo located in the provinces of Ciudad Real and Toledo The area has well-drained, sandy soils with high levels of iron. Pago Rosalejo is approved for red wines only. Grapes: Syrah, Garnacha Tinta, and Tempranillo Minimum 12% abv Minimum 6 months ageing in oak, followed by a minimum of one month ageing in bottle. Maximum yield of 68 litres per 100 kg of grapes March 2024

Answer 326

A new Vino de Pago has been approved. Vino de Pago Río Negro. in the region of Castilla–La Mancha.The area is located on the Rio Negro Plateau, with vineyards planted at 940 to 1,000 metres. The area has a warm continental climate with some Mediterranean influences, and clay soils. Vino de Pago Río Negro is approved for the production of dry red wines and dry white wines. - Now a total of 27 Vinos de Pago March 2025

Answer 327

Permitted grape Gewürztraminer (100%) Minimum alcohol 12% Production requirements: Grapes must be de-stemmed and a minimum 50% must undergo pre-fermentation skin contact. Vinification at low temperatures, around 15c. Ageing requirements: Must be aged on the lees (in stainless steel or oak) for a minimum of 3 months; followed by a minimum of 1 month in bottle.

Answer 328

Vino Tinto: Wines may be single varietal or blends Permitted grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Tempranillo, and/or Tinto Fragoso Minimum alcohol 13% Production requirements: All grapes, whether de-stemmed or whole cluster must undergo a cold soak prior to fermentation for a period of between 3 and 21 days Ageing requirements: Minimum total ageing 11 months, 5 months must be in oak followed by a minimum of 6 months in bottle

Answer 329

- Bodegas Finca Río Negro is the sole producer.

Answer 330

- The EU has announced the approval of a new Vino de Pago appellation, located near the town of Requena, in the region of Valencia. Vino de Pago Tharsys is approved for the production of red, white, rosé, and sparkling wines. - Oct 25

Answer 331

Varietal: Albariño or Chardonnay Must have a minimum of 11.5% ABV Blended: Albariño, Chardonnay, and/or Xarel-lo Must have a minimum of 11.5% ABV

Answer 332

Vino Espumoso de Calidad May be blanco or rosado Produced using any of the following varieties: Rosado: Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Bobal, Tempranillo, Garnacha Tinta, Blanco Albariño, Chardonnay, and/or Xarel-lo Must have a minimum of 10.5% ABV

Answer 333

Tinto Varietal wine: from Merlot, Cabernet Franc, or Bobal Blended: Any proportions of the following varieties: Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Bobal, Tempranillo, and/or Garnacha Tinta Full-bodied red wines with a minimum of 13% ABV.

Answer 334

A new Denominación de Origen Protegida (PDO) Vino de Pago Urbezo The appellation is located in the autonomous region of Aragón Vino de Pago Urbezo is approved for the production of dry white, rosé and red wines. Wines may be un-aged, or labeled with defined ageing designations, Crianza, Reserva, Gran Reserva. Minimum alcohol White/ Rosé 12.5% Minimum alcohol Red 13% Grape growing and winemaking is required to be certified as organic November 2024

Answer 335

Authorised Grape varieties: Blanco: Chardonnay, Garnacha Blanco Moscatel de Alejandría Rosado / Tinto: Cabernet Sauvignon, Garnacha Tinta Mazuelo, Merlot, Syrah, Tempranillo Red wine may be produced using Carbonic Maceration and a range of optional oak-ageing regimes

Answer 336

The Toro DO i has updated its regulations to allow for the production of sparkling wines produced using the traditional method of production in red, white, and rosé styles. White: Malvasía Castellano, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Verdejo, and/or Albillo Real Red/ Rosé Tinta de Toro and/or Garnacha Tinta * Minimum of 11% abv * Minimum 9 months lees ageing November 2024

Spain Flashcards

(370 cards)