Study Guide 3

Question 1

What are the major systems of the body covered in this study guide?

Answer 1

Cardiovascular, lymphatic, skeletal, muscular, and fascial systems

Question 2

What are the four primary characteristics of muscle tissue?

Answer 2

• Excitability
• Contractility
• Extensibility
• Elasticity

Question 3

List the five major functions of the skeletal system.

Answer 3

• Support
• Protection
• Movement
• Mineral storage
• Blood cell production

Question 4

What is the difference between a muscle’s origin and its insertion?

Answer 4

The origin is the fixed attachment point, while the insertion is the movable attachment point.

Question 5

What are the three main components of the lymphatic system?

Answer 5

• Lymphatic vessels
• Lymph nodes
• Lymph

Question 6

What is one of the primary roles of the lymphatic system?

Answer 6

To transport lymph, which contains immune cells, throughout the body.

Question 7

How do arteries influence blood flow and blood pressure?

Answer 7

Arteries carry blood away from the heart and their elasticity helps regulate blood pressure.

Question 8

What is the function of a retinaculum in the fascial system?

Answer 8

To stabilize tendons and keep them in place during joint movement.

Question 9

What are the two main parts of the human skeleton?

Answer 9

• Axial skeleton: consists of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
• Appendicular skeleton: consists of the limbs and pelvic girdle

Question 10

Where are capillaries located within the cardiovascular system?

Answer 10

Between arterioles and venules, forming a network called a capillary bed.

Question 11

What is the essential function of capillaries?

Answer 11

To serve as the primary site for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and tissues.

Question 12

Describe the location and function of the Tensor Fascia Lata (TFL).

Answer 12

Located on the outer aspect of the hip, it stabilizes the hip and knee joint during activities.

Question 13

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 13

The division of the skeleton that includes the bones of the limbs and the shoulder and pelvic girdles.

Question 14

What is the axial skeleton?

Answer 14

The division of the skeleton that forms the central axis of the body.

Question 15

What are capillaries?

Answer 15

Microscopic blood vessels located between arterioles and venules forming capillary beds where nutrient and waste exchange occur.

Question 16

Define contractile in the context of muscle tissue.

Answer 16

A characteristic of muscle tissue; the ability to shorten or contract forcefully.

Question 17

Define elastic in the context of muscle tissue.

Answer 17

A characteristic of muscle tissue; the ability to return to its original length after being stretched.

Question 18

Define excitable in the context of muscle tissue.

Answer 18

A characteristic of muscle tissue; the ability to receive and respond to a stimulus.

Question 19

Define extensible in the context of muscle tissue.

Answer 19

A characteristic of muscle tissue; the ability to be stretched or extended.

Question 20

What is fascia?

Answer 20

Connective tissue component of skeletal muscle.

Question 21

What is an insertion in muscle anatomy?

Answer 21

The attachment point of a muscle that is more mobile.

Question 22

What is lymph?

Answer 22

The fluid component of the lymphatic system.

Question 23

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 23

A body system composed of lymph, lymphatic vessels, and lymph nodes that drains interstitial fluid, carries fats, and aids the immune system.

Question 24

What is an origin in muscle anatomy?

Answer 24

The attachment point of a muscle that is more stationary.

Question 25

What is a precapillary sphincter?

Answer 25

A muscular structure located at the end of each arteriole that regulates blood flow into a capillary bed.

Question 26

What is a retinaculum?

Answer 26

Thickened bands of fascia that hold tendons in place as they pass over joints, preventing them from bowing out during movement.

Question 27

What is a tendon?

Answer 27

A connective tissue component that makes up both ends of a muscle, connecting it to bone at its origin and insertion.

Question 28

What is the tensor fascia lata (TFL)?

Answer 28

A muscle that plays a role in stabilizing and moving the hip.

Question 29

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 29

The narrowing of blood vessels, which affects blood flow and blood pressure.

Question 30

What is vasodilation?

Answer 30

The widening of blood vessels, which affects blood flow and blood pressure.

Question 31

What are veins?

Answer 31

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, equipped with valves to prevent backflow.

Question 32

What are the characteristics of arteries?

Answer 32

Thick, elastic walls; high pressure; carry blood away from heart.

Question 33

What are the characteristics of veins?

Answer 33

Thin walls, valves; low pressure; carry blood to heart.

Question 34

What are capillaries?

Answer 34

One-cell-thick walls; site of exchange.

Question 35

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 35

Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral storage, Blood cell production.

Question 36

What provides support in the skeletal system?

Answer 36

Vertebral column.

Question 37

What provides protection in the skeletal system?

Answer 37

Skull, ribs.

Question 38

How does the skeletal system facilitate movement?

Answer 38

Femur acts as a lever.

Question 39

Where is mineral storage in the skeletal system?

Answer 39

Long bones.

Question 40

Where does blood cell production occur in the skeletal system?

Answer 40

Sternum, pelvis.

Question 41

What are the functions of the muscular system?

Answer 41

Movement, posture, stabilization, heat.

Question 42

What are the properties of the muscular system?

Answer 42

Excitable, Contractile, Extensible, Elastic.

Question 43

What does the skeleton provide in the movement system?

Answer 43

Femur = lever.

Question 44

What muscles are involved in movement of the thigh/leg?

Answer 44

Quadriceps + hamstrings.

Question 45

What role does fascia play in movement?

Answer 45

IT band = force transfer, stability.

Question 46

What is the circulatory pathway?

Answer 46

Left ventricle → aorta → arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins → vena cava → right atrium.

Question 47

What are the key events in the circulatory pathway?

Answer 47

Oxygen delivery, nutrient exchange, waste removal, valves in veins.