Temporal

Question 1

Where are the temporal bones located?

Answer 1

Situated on each side of the base of the cranium between the greater wings of the sphenoid and occipital bone

Question 2

What part of the skull do the temporal bones form?

Answer 2

The inferolateral aspects of the skull and parts of the cranial floor

Question 3

What are the major markings of the temporal bones?

Answer 3

Zygomatic, styloid and mastoid processes and mandibular and middle cranial fossae

Question 4

What are the major opening of the temporal bones?

Answer 4

Stylomastoid and jugular foramina, internal and external meatuses and carotid canal

Question 5

What are the features of the squamous portion of the temporal bones?

Answer 5

Thin, upper portio of the temporal bone that forms the side wall of the cranium

Question 6

What are the features of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone?

Answer 6

Prominent arches process that projects anteriorly to articular with zygoma and complete the zygomatic arch

Question 7

What are features of the articular tubercle of the temporal bone?

Answer 7

Located on inferior border of the zygomatic process and forms the anterior boundary of mandubular fossa

Question 8

What are features of the mandibular fossa?

Answer 8

Receives condyle of the mandible to form the TMJ

Question 9

What are features of the tympanic portion of the temporal bones?

Answer 9

Locate dbelow the squama and in front of the petromastoid portion and forms anterior wall, inferior wall and part of posterior walls of EAM

Question 10

What are features of the styloid process of the temporal bone?

Answer 10

Slender, pointed bone projecting inferiorly, anteriorly and slightly medially from inferior surface of tympanic portion

Question 11

What is the petromastoid portion?

Answer 11

Combines the petrous and mastoid portions

Question 12

What does the petromastoid portion form?

Answer 12

The inferior, posterior part of the temporal bone

Question 13

What does the petromastoid portion articulate with?

Answer 13

Pariental bone at its superior border and with the occipital bone at its posterior border

Question 14

What does the petromastoid portion usually contain?

Answer 14

Air cells which vary greatly in size, number and pneumatization

Question 15

What are features of the mastoid process?

Answer 15

Conical process projecting from the mastoid portion

Question 16

What are features of the petrous portion?

Answer 16

Projects medially and anteriorly between greater wing of sphenoid and occipital bone

Question 17

What is the petrous portion also called?

Answer 17

Petrous pyramids

Question 18

What is the shape of the petrous portion?

Answer 18

Conical or pyramidal in shape

Question 19

What is the thickest and densest portion of the cranium?

Answer 19

Petrous portion

Question 20

What does the petrous portion contain?

Answer 20

Organs of hearing and balance

Question 21

What are auditory ossicles?

Answer 21

Bones of the middle ear (Malleus, Incus and Stapes)

Question 22

What does the temporal bone articular with?

Answer 22

Parietal, occipital, sphenoid, zygoma and mandible

Question 23

What are the essential projections of the temporal bone?

Answer 23

• Axiolateral oblique (modified law)
• Axiolateral oblique (Stenvers)
• Axiolateral oblique (Arcelin)

Question 24

What is the evaluation criteria for - Axiolateral oblique (modified law)?

Answer 24

• Mastoid process closer to IR
• Air cells centered to IR
• Opposite mastoid process inferior and anterior to mastoid of interest
• Auricle of ear not superimposing mastoid
• Superimposition of IAM and EAM
• TMJ visible anterior to mastoid process

Question 25

What does the Stenvers method highlight in its positioning?

Answer 25

Petromastoid portion in posterior profile

Question 26

What is the evaluation criteria for Axiolateral oblique (Stenvers) position?

Answer 26

- Petromastoid in profile without distortion - Lateral border of skull to lateral border of orbit - Petrous ridge extended to a point 2/3rd up lateral border of orbit - Mastoid process in profile below margin of cranium - Posterior margin of mandibular ramus superimposing lateral border of cervical column - mandibular condyle projecting over the atlas near the petrosa

Question 27

When is the - Axiolateral oblique (Arcelin) projection used?

Answer 27

For children and adults who cannot be placed in the prone or seated upright position for the Stenvers method

Question 28

How does the position change of the - Axiolateral oblique (Arcelin) projection change the image?

Answer 28

Petromastoid portion is more magnified

Question 29

What is the evaluation criteria for Axiolateral oblique (Arcelin) projection?

Answer 29

- Petromastoid portion in profile. - Lateral border of skull to lateral border of orbit. - Petrous ridge lying horizontally and at a point approximately two thirds up lateral border of orbit. - Mastoid process in profile below margin of cranium. (air cells are not well visualized when petrous pyramid is properly exposed.) - Posterior surface of mandibular ramus parallel to lateral surface of cervical vertebrae. - Mandibular condyle projected over atlas near the petrous pyramid.