Step 1 - USMLE Factoids > Teratogens > Flashcards

Teratogens Flashcards

(29 cards)

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1
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

Renal damage

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2
Q

Alkylating agents

A

Absence of digits, multiple anomlies

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3
Q

Aminoglycoside

A

Ototoxicity

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4
Q

Antiepileptic drugs (valproate, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital)

A
  • neural tube defects (valproate, carbamazepine)
  • cleft palate (phenytoin)
  • skeletal abnormalities
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5
Q

Diethylstilbestrol

A
  • Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma

- Mullerian anomalies

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6
Q

Folate antagonists (trimethoprim, methotrexate, antiepileptic drugs)

A

NT defects

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7
Q

Isotretinoin

A
  • multiple severe defects
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8
Q

Lithium

A

Ebstein anomaly (apical displacement of tricuspid valve)

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9
Q

Methimazole

A

aplasia cutis congenita

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10
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Discolored teeth, inhibited bone growth

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11
Q

Talidomide

A

Limb defects (phocomelia, micromelia- “flipper limbs”)

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12
Q

Warfarin

A

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, opthal abnormalities

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13
Q

Alcohol

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome: leading cause of intel disability in the US

  • microcephaly
  • facial abnml (smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small palpebral fissures)
  • and heart-lung fistulas, heart defects, limb dislocation

Note: failure of cell migration

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14
Q

Cocaine

A
  • low birth wt (IUGR)
  • preterm
  • placental abruption
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15
Q

Smoking (nicotine, CO)

A
  • low birth wt (leading case in developed countries)
  • preterm labor
  • placental problems
  • IUGR
  • SIDS

Note: nicotine and cocaine cause vasoconstriction and CO causes less O2 delivery

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16
Q

Iodine (lack or excess)

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A
  • congenital goiter or hypothyroidism
17
Q

Maternal DM

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A
  • caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia)
  • congenital heart defects
  • NT defects
  • macrosomia
18
Q

Methylmercury (from fish, sharks, etc)

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A

Neurotoxicity

19
Q

Vit A excess

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A
  • extremely high risk for spontaneous abortion and birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac)

Note: think isotretinoin

20
Q

X-rays

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A
  • microcephaly

- intel disability

21
Q

Heart- EtOH

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A
  • VSD/ASD/PDA

- tet

22
Q

Heart- rubella

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A
  • PDA
  • septal defect
  • pulm art stenosis
23
Q

Heart- Down

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A
  • AV septal defect (endocardial cushion) - VSD/ASD
24
Q

Heart- DM mom

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A

Transposition

25
Heart- Marfan
- MVP (mitral valve prolapse) - ao regurg - thoracic ao aneurysm and dissection
26
Heart- Li
Ebstein anomaly
27
Heart- Turner
- bicuspid ao valve | - coarc of ao
28
Heart- Williams
supravalvular aortic stenosis
29
Heart- 22q11
- truncus arteriosus | - tet
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