Terminal Procedures

Question 1

ACBD’s

Answer 1

Exact order and sequence dont matter, but must be completed prior to intercepting IAF

• Atis - Get 100 NM from the airport
• Brief
• Cockpit Setup
• Descent Checklist
  
  • After initiating descent into terminal area or establishing contact with destination approach control, perform

Question 2

Terminal Descent

Answer 2

Transition a/c from intermediate altitude to the approach phase of flight

1. Report leaving assigned altitude
2. Adjust power and speed brake as required to maintain current speed
   
   1. 20% T - 5* NL - 200 KIAS, 2000 FPM
3. Lower the nose as required to maintain current speed
4. Trim (commence descent checklist if not done already)
5. Approx 1000’ prior to level off adjust power as req to establish a rate of descent between 500 and 1500 fpm
6. Level off at assigned altitude, resetting power to maintain speed.

Question 3

Enroute Descent

Answer 3

Descend 1000’ above new altitude and then attempt to descend at a rate of 500-1500 fpm

1. Report leaving the current altitude for the new assigned altitude
2. Establish and maintain a descent of 200-250 KIAS at 4000 FPM
   
   1. 10%-10*-220KIAS
3. Approx 1000’ above level off, pitch for 500-1500 FPM
4. Level off at assigned altitude and transition to desired cruise speed

Question 4

Instrument Approach Brief

Answer 4

Upon being cleared for an approach, or having been advised to expect a specific approach, the student will brief the instructor on the particulars for the approach

1. Approach Name: Approach title, page number
2. Weather mins
3. NAVAID setup: NAVAIDS required for the approach
4. IAF: Name and/or radial/DME
5. Course: Initial and Final Approach Course and arc description
6. Segment altitudes: All applicable altitudes depicted on the approach
7. MDA/DA: For the
8. MAP: How will it be identified (GPS, timing, DME, Station Passage, or by the controller)
9. Missed Approach/Climb-out instructions: Reviewed
10. Unusual or noteworthy items peculiar to the approach: Reviewed

Note: Prefered to have completed prior to commencing the appr; however, situation dictating it is acceptable to brief these items just prior to their execution. Bottom line, stay ahead of the aircraft.

Question 5

Height Above TD

Answer 5

Expressed in AGL, The height of MDA above the highest elevation in the TD zone (used with straight in minimums)

Question 6

Height Above Airport (HAA)

Answer 6

Expressed in AGLE the height of MDA above the published airport elevation (used with circling minimums)

Question 7

Use of Radar Altimeter During Instr Approaches

Answer 7

• Precision Approach
  
  • ​Set RADALT to HAT
• Non Precision
  
  • ​Set RADALT to (HAT-10%HAT) —> Localizer
  • Set RADALT to (HAA-10%HAA) —> Circling

Used as AID NOT primary means of identifying the DA/DH or MDA

Question 8

PT Approach (SNERT)

Answer 8

Do not do PT if:

1. ATC clears for the Straight in
2. Flying the approach via NoPT routing
3. Established in a holding pattern aligned with the PT course and subsequently cleared for the approach
4. ATC Radar vectors to final
5. Cleared for timed approach —> No one knows what this is

Question 9

PT Approach Procedure

Answer 9

1. Approximately 5 NM prior to IAF, slow 150 KIAS, at the IAF:
   
   1. ​Time - x
   2. Turn - Shortest direction to parallel the outbound course. If outbound course is more than 90* from the course used inbound to IAF, turn to an intercept heading of 45*
   3. Time - Start timing 1 min, when wings level or abeam the station whichever occurs last
      
      1. Comply with remain within distance if stated on the approach plate
   4. Transition - If descent is necessary at the IAF, set 15%, lower nose, and descend at 150 KIAS
   5. Twistercept -
      
      1. Set CDI to the outbound course
      2. Use the OTS intercept procedures to establish he aircraft on the course outbound
         
         1. Want to be established on outbound course by the end of 1 minute
   6. Talk - Give voice report if required
2. Level off at PT altitude
   
   1. ~100’ prior to PT alt, add power to 33%, retrim
   2. Maintain PT altitude until established on the inbound course
   3. Established on course:
      
      1. ​Head BP is within 5 radials of the inbound course
3. At end of outbound timing, execute the 45/180 degrees course reversal
   
   1. Start clock as you roll wings level and maintain this heading for 1 minute
   2. ​​Twist inbound course into CDI
4. At end of 1 minute execute a 180* turn in direction opposite the first turn
   
   1. IF head of BP is not within 5 raidials of the inbound course, stop turn on the 180 heading
   2. If it is within 5 radials continue turn and roll out with the DA intercept
5. As you intercept the inbound course, turn and track inbound
6. Once established on the inbound course and within 5 NM of the FAF, configure BAC,
   
   1. Maintain altitude until reaching 120 KIAS (Slow Down, Then Go Down)
7. Comply with remained of approach

Question 10

Teardrop Approach Procedure

Answer 10

1. 5 NM prior to IAF, slow to 150 KIAS. At the IAF 6Ts
   
   1. Time- x
   2. Turn - Shortest direction to parallel the outbound course. If outbound course is more than 90* from the course used inbound to IAF, turn to an intercept heading of 45*
   3. Time - Start timing for 2 minutes outbound when wings level or beam the station whichever occurs last
      
      1. IF strong winds are factor may need to adjust outbound timing to comply with “Remain Within” distance. Normally 2 minutes is sufficient
   4. Transition - IF a descent is necessary at the IAF, set 15% power and descend at 150 KIAS
   5. Twistercept -
      
      1. Set outbound course into CDI
      2. Use OTS Intercept procedures to establish a/c outbound.
         
         1. Want to be established on the outbound radial by the end of 1 minute
   6. Talk - Give an appropriate voice report if required
2. Level off at PT altitude
   1. ~100’ prior to PT alt, add power to 33%, retrim
   2. Maintain PT altitude until established on the inbound course
      
      1. Established on course: ​
         
         1. Head BP is within 5 radials of the inbound course
3. After 1.5 minutes of outbound timing, twist inbound course in CDI
4. At 2 minutes of timing, execute a turn in the direction depicted. During the turn inbound note the position of the BP
   
   1. If the head of BP is not within 5* of inbound course, stop the turn a 45* intercept
   2. If its is within 5* roll out with DA intercept
5. Once established on the inbound course and within 5 NM of FAF, configure BAC. Maintain altitude until 120 kias then descend
6. Comply with remained of procedure

Question 11

Arcing Approach Procedure

Answer 11

1. At 5NM prior to IAF and commencing approach, slow 150 KIAS. Calc lead point
   
   1. Time - x
   2. Turn - to place VOR BP at the 90* benchmark
   3. Time - x
   4. Transition- Comply with altitude restrictions as req
   5. Talk - Give appropriate report as required
2. Anticipate interception of final approach course (FAC). Calculate the lead radial for the 90* turn
3. When within 5 NM of the FAF, make a level or descending transition to BAC as required
4. Once established inbound, comply with the remainder of the procedure

Question 12

Holding Pattern Approach Procedure (HILO)

Answer 12

Only one turn in the pattern is necessary. Must receive ATC clearance to do more.

1. 5 NM prior to IAF, slow 150 KIAS @IAF
   
   1. Time- X
   2. Turn - Use normal holding pattern entry procedures to determine the entry heading and turn direction. Turn in the shortest direction to your entry heading
   3. Time - 1 minute when wings level or beam the station, whichever occurs last
   4. Transition - If descent necessary at the IAF, set 15% torque, and descend at 150 KIAS
   5. Twist - Enter inbound course to CDI
   6. Talk - Give appropriate report as required (
2. Determine direction for the turn to intercept the inbound course. Tail-Radial-Turn
3. At the completion of the outbound leg, turn inbound. Roll out of the turn with an appropriate intercept to establish the a/c on the inbound course prior to crossing the holding fix.
4. Once established inbound, and when 5 nm of FAF, make a level or descending transition to BAC as required (Slow down, then go down)
5. Comply with remainder of approach

Question 13

Straight in Approach

Answer 13

5 NM prior to IAF and commencing the approach, slow to 150 KIAS

1. At IAF
   
   1. Time- x
   2. Turn- In shortest direction to intercep the initial approach course
   3. Time- If required
      
      1. IF distance from IAF to FAF is excessive (more than 10 NM), normal cruise airspeed should be maintained until 10 NM from FAF before slowing 150 KIAS
   4. Transition
      
      1. If descent required, establish on course and use 20%, 5*NL, 200KIAS
      2. When within 5 miles of FAF. Make level transition to BAC
   5. Twist - Initial Approach Course (IAC) into CDI. Turn to intercept and track the initial approach course inbound to the FAF
   6. Talk - Give appropriate voice report
2. Comply with any altitude restrictions
3. Once established inbound, comply with the remainder of the Low Altitude Instrument approach procedures

Question 14

Radar Vectors to Final Approach Course (RVFAC)

Answer 14

ATC has the primary responsiblity of terrain clearance until aircraft is on published segment of the approach.

200 KIAS on downwind 150 KIAS on base. If being vectored on an extended final or extended dog-leg to final, maintain 200 until within 15 NM of the airport

1. TIM NAVAID
2. Check PFD is properly configured
3. Set the final approach course into CDI
4. Follow radar vectors given by approach control
5. If a lower altitude is assigned, perform a terminal descent, (20%T, 5*NL, 200KIAS)
6. Transition to BAC
   
   1. Within 5 NM of FAF and A/C heading is within 90* of the FAC
   2. Once established on the FAC and cleared for the approach if no FAF is depicted
7. Maintain last assigned altitude and heading given by ATC until established on the approach. As the CDI begins to center, and you are cleared for the approach, you are expected to turn onto he FAC and track inbounjd
8. Once established inbound, comply with rest of procedure

Question 15

High Altitude Approach

Answer 15

1. Inbound to the IAF, complete descent checklist
2. 6Ts
   
   1. Time- x
   2. Turn- Turn in shortest direction to parallel penetration course
      
      1. Penetration course is depicted on high altitude IAP charts by a bold-dotted track
      2. If the outbound course is more than 90* from the course used inbound to the IAF, turn to an intercept heading not to exceed 45*
   3. Time- as required
   4. Transition- Initiate penetration by reducing power as required to meet a target descent rate (2000-4000FPM) Fly 200-250 KIAS, use speed brake as requried
   5. Twist - Set the appropriate course in the CDI and establish an intercept heading
   6. Talk - Make appropriate report if required
3. Manage energy to comply with all course, altitude, and DME restrictions. Approx 1000’ prior to level off from penetration, reduce rate of descent to 500-1500 fpm. Level segments of the penetration may be flown at normal cruise
   
   1. Teardrop penetration
      
      1. ​At 1/2 your initial altitude or reaching the published penetration turn, fly the pentration turn in the published direction. Use 30* AOB for turns during the penetration. During the last half of the turn, note the position of the headof the BP
         
         1. If head of BP is not within 5* of inbound course. Stop at 45* intercept
         2. If head of the BP is within 5* of inbound course continue rollout to DA intercept
   2. Penetration including an Arcing Manuever
      
      1. ​When intercepting an ARC, or radial from ARC, at speeds that preclude the use of full SRT (200+) using 1% of the GS for the lead computations will allow 1/2SRT. In either case do not exceed 30* AOB
4. ​​Once established inbound, comply with the remainder of the Low Altitude Instrument Approach Procedures