development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
sustainable development
both a social movement and a means of market-based exchange that emphasizes fair compensation and healthy and environmentally sound practices at the site of production
fair trade
Also called cognitive maps. Maps of an area made from memory and experience by individuals and groups.
Mental maps
Improvement in economy and well-being of a place relative to another place. Improved wealth or progress in other socioeconomic variables, including education and health.
development
The theory proposed by Rostow and others that countries follow the same path along stages of development.
Modernization
A composite index derived from statistics covering life span and health, education, and standard of living
Human Development Index. HDI
A measurement of a country’s wealth that takes into account wealth generated for a country both inside and outside of the country’s borders
Gross National Income. GNI
Andre Gunder Frank’s theory that wealthy countries set up exploitative economic relations whereby poorer countries became dependent on the wealthy and the wealthy benefited economically.
Dependency theory
Countries that are less well off economically, typically located south of economically wealthy countries.
Global South
International organization whose main purpose is to promote free trade.
World Trade Organization
The physical attributes of the location of a human settlement–for example, at the head of navigation of a river or a certain elevation
Site
Negotiating globalization by choosing to adopt policies and changes that work for your country or locality.
Selective adoption
From 1850s to 1960s, when Europeans colonized Africa and Asia in the context of the industrial revolution.
Second wave of colonization
The position of a city or place relative to its surrounding environment or context
Situation
During the 1800s when European countries claimed colonies in Africa in order to control resources in Africa and to bolster their own nationalism.
Scramble for Africa
The state that is the world power and shapes the tone and rules of politics and trade in a particular era.
Hegemon
the current geologic era in which humans place a major role in shaping Earth’s environment
Anthropocene
relationship between a company and its suppliers.
backward linkage
Relationship between a company and its purchasers or distributors.
forward linkage
State that shares its borders only with other states, not with oceans or seas.
Landlocked
From late 1400s to 1850s, when Europeans colonized the Americas and coastal Africa.
First wave of colonialism
the generation of new climate patterns as a result of human activities
climate change
international financial institution that monitors policies affecting exchange rates between currencies. Traditionally has a European president.
international monetary fund
adapting a global phenomenon to suit a local need or context
glocalization
