1
Q
Kingdom
A
Animalia
2
Q
Phylum
A
Arthropoda
3
Q
Class
A
Arachnida
Crustacea
Diplopoda
Chilopoda
Insecta
4
Q
Arthropod
(latin translation)
A
joint appendages
5
Q
all arthropods have…
A
exoskeleton of cuticle
tubular digestive system
ventral nervous system
dorsal circulatory system
6
Q
Arachnida
A
2 body regions
4 pairs of legs
chilicera(e) mouth parts
7
Q
Crustacea
A
3 body regions
5+ pairs of legs
1 pair of compound eyes
2 pairs antennae
mandible mouth parts
8
Q
diplopoda
A
(milipedes)
multi-segmented
2 pairs of legs / segment
1 pair of compound eyes
1 pair antenna
mandible mouth parts
9
Q
chilopoda
A
(centipedes)
multiple body segments
1 pair of legs / segment
1 pair of compound eyes
1 pair antenna
mandible mouth parts
10
Q
Insecta
A
3 body regions
3 pairs of legs
1 pair of compound eyes
1 pair antenna
mandible mouth parts
11
Q
of orders known in 2012
A
27-31
8 economically important
12
Q
Orthoptera examples
A
grasshoppers, crickets, etc
13
Q
Orthoptera
(characteristics)
A
- chewing mouth parts
- 2 pairs of wings:
1st thickened & leathery 2nd membranous to fly - incomplete metamorphosis
14
Q
thickened and leathery pair of wings
A
tegmon / tegmina
15
Q
homoptera examples
A
aphids, scales, white flies, leaf hoppers, plant hoppers
16
Q
Homoptera
(characterists)
A
- 2 pairs membranous wings (colors vary)
- peircing and sucking mouth parts that arise from back of head
- incomplete metamorphosis
17
Q
Hemiptera examples
A
True Bugs
18
Q
Hemiptera
(characterists)
A
- peircing and sucking mouth parts that arise from front of head
- 2 pairs wings1st- basal half is hardened, apical membranous
2nd- membranous
- incomplete metamorphosis
19
Q
Hemi-elytron(a)
A
Wing with hardened basal half and membranous apical half
20
Q
Thysanoptera example
A
thrips
21
Q
Thysanoptera
(characteristics)
A
- (g)rasping and sucking mouth parts
- 2 pairs of long, narrow membranous wings with a fringe
- incomplete metamorphasis
- pests on ornamentals
22
Q
Diptera example
A
true flies
23
Q
Diptera
(characteristics)
A
- mouth parts are variable
- 1 pair membranous wings
- complete metamorphasis
24
Q
Hymenoptera example
A
ants, bees, sawflies, wasps
25
Hymenoptera
| (characteristics)
- variable chewing mouth parts
- 2 pairs membranous wings (1st larger than the 2nd)
- complete metamorphasis
26
Coleoptera
| (characteristics)
- chewing mouth parts
- wings:
1st pair: hardened, no veins, meet down midline of back
2nd pair: membranous
- complete metamorphasis
27
Lepidoptera example
butterflies, skippers, moths
28
Lepidoptera
| (characteristics)
- syphoning mouth parts
- 2 pairs membranous wings that are partially or fully scaled
- complete metamorphasis
29
Wing Veins (front to back)
Costa
Subcosta
Radial (R1, R2, R3)
Medial
Cubital
Anal
30
Leg Parts
| (from base to tip)
Coxa(e)
Trochanter(s)
Femur(a)
Tibia(s)
Tarsus(i)
31
These hold on to a piece of plant tissue
Labrum (upper flap)
Labium (lower flap)
32
Mouth parts for cutting and grinding
mandibles
33
Mouthpart used to manipulate plant tissue
Maxilla(e)
34
Mouthpart used to determine food sources
palps
35
repeating units within a compound eye
ommatidium
36
photoperiod
the ration of light : dark
37
ocellus
used to determine photoperiods
38
antenna types
Filiform
Clavate
39
thread-like antenna
filiform
40
clubbed antenna
clavate
41
modifications to mouth parts
- peircing and sucking
- sponging (flies)
- lapping (bees)
- siphoning (lepidoptera)
42
3 sections of the thorax
- prothorax
- mesothorax
- metathorax
43
2 pairs of wings can be located on...
mesothorax or metathorax
44
legs are intended for walking but can be modified for...
running
jumping
digging
hearing
clasping
swimming
45
wings are intended for flight, but can be modified for...
protection
camo
sound production
air conditioning w/ bees
46
hearing organ
tympanum
47
opening to the respiratory system
spiracle
48
dorsal surface of the abdomen
turgum or turgite
49
ventral surface of the abdomen
sternum or sternite
50
sides of the abdomen
pleuron or pleurite
51
insect reproductive system is considered to be a...
lock and key system
52
most of the abdomen is used for...
reproductive organs
53
strongest and most flexible material in nature
cuticle
54
layer of cuticle that :
prevents water loss
is constantly being produced
epicuticle
55
layer of cuticle that is chemically hardened
exocuticle
56
molting is controlled by...
hormones: alpha and beta ecdysone
57
main stages of molting
1- apolysis
2- ecdysis
3- hardening
58
stage of molting where old cuticle separates from epidermal cells
apolysis
59
stage of molting when old cuticle is shed
ecdysis
60
stage of molting where new epicuticle begins to harden
hardening
61
Cuticle also serves for...
- muscle attachment
- preventing entry of pathogens
- preventing entry of pesticides
- pigment storage
62
egg -\> nymph I -\> nymph II -\> nymph III -\> nymph IV -\> adult
incomplete metamorphosis
63
gradual change in size and appearance
incomplete metamorphosis
64
egg -\> larva I -\> larva II -\> larva III -\> larva IV -\> larva V -\> larva VI -\> pupa -\> adult
complete metamorphosis
65
stage of complete metamorphosis where ALL organ systems are broken down
pupa
66
term for when adult is ready to emerge from pupa stage
eclosion
67
nymphs and adults compete for food in...
incomplete metamorphosis
68
there is no competition between juveniles and adults for food in...
complete metamorphosis
69
hormone that maintains stages of metamorphosis
juvenile hormone
70
acts as a cushion for internal organs
fat body
71
parts of the fat body
trophocyte
detox cells
mycetocyte
72
food cell in fat body that stores extra products from digestion
trophocyte
73
the #1 site for detoxification of environmental chemicals in an insect
detox cell in fat body
74
rod shaped bacteria within a cell that pruduces essential amino acids in excess and has a mutualistic relationship with the insect
mycetocyte
75
circulatory system
dorsal vessel
76
dorsal vessel characteristics
- open at both ends
- composed of muscle cells that contract in a wave from tail to head
- this creates a vacuum that pulls in body fluid and makes a current
77
body fluid
hemolymph
78
hemolymph is composed of
cellular and non-cellular portions
cellular = hemocytes (12-15 different types)
non-cellular = water, amino acids, proteins, etc...
79
functions of hemolymph
- carry nutrients to tissues and organs
- carry hormones (molting)
- hydrolic fluid for insects with long appendages
- heat transfer
80
functions of hemocyte
- wound healing: fills cracks in cuticle
- phagocytosis: surround pathogen and kill with enzymes
- encapsulation: surround stores and stay there to prevent sporilation
81
#2 site for detoxification
hemolymph
82
\_\_\_\_\_ always kills the host
\_\_\_\_\_\_ don't
parasitoids always kill
parasites do not
83
3 main sites for detoxification
1- fat body
2- circulatory system
3- mid-gut
84
the chemical breakdown of food to components that can be absorbed into the body
digestion
85
functions of the foregut
prepare food for digestion
cuticular teeth at back of gut break down food
86
membrane at the opening of the mid-gut that expands with food
peritrophic membrane
87
peritrophic membrane functions
1- prevents damage to midgut cells
2- ADSORBS environmental chemicals
88
hind gut functions mainly for
water intake/reabsorption
89
cells in hind-gut that function for water intake
rectalpapilla(e) / rectal pads
90
reproduction method where females give rise to females
parthenogenesis
91
fertilized egg gives rise to 4, 6, or 8 larva
polyembromy
92
to give birth to live young
oviparus
93
accessory gland functions
Male: seminal fluid and some or all sex pheremones
female: produce lubricant for duct system and some or all sex pheremones
94
bag of seminal fluid
spermatophore
95
hormone use in ovaries to open and close egg membranes
juvenile hormone
96
basic unit of the nervous system
neuron
97
most neurons are...
bipolar
98
neuron with 1 axon
monopolar
99
neuron with 3 or more axons
mutipolar
100
gap between axons of neurons
synapse
101
complementary enzyme that gets rid of excess chemicals in synapse
acetycholinesterase
102
major transmitter in nervous system
acetocholine
103
most insecticides work on the insect's...
nervous system
104
insecticides that work on the nervous system do so in 4 ways...
1- blocks ability of dendrite to pick up a stimulus
2- pre-synaptic
3- post-synaptic
4- inhibit broduction of complementary enzyme for neurotransmitter
105
hormone system that is closely related to the nervous system
endocrine system
106
2 major areas of hormone production
(new insecticides act on these glands)
1- corpora allata
2- corpora cardica
107
pre-synaptic pesticides...
inhibit neurotransmitter release
108
post-synaptic insecticides...
inhibit neurotransmitter reception
109
controls ALL hormones in insects
PTTH
Ornamental & Turf Insects
flashcards
Decks in class (4)
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