visually inspect turfgrass - make sure that thatch is under control

uses flushing agents (soaps, insecticides) - requires thorough soaking - thatch control is important

- push cylinder into thatch, add water until it says for a few seconds, pest will be on top - count for both pests and predators - most common for chinch bugs - very acurate - takes time

Test 3 Flashcards by Owen Harris

….4 most common orders of TG pests

Orthoptera

Homoptera & Hemiptera

Coleoptra

Lepidoptera

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___ is the most important aspect to control TG pests

identification

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Sampling provides 2 pieces of info:

predicts pest problems
quantifies damage and helps decide about chemical control

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___ are responsible for major turf damage every year

key pests

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___ are high risk areas due to grass type, exposure, & soil characteristics

key locations

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2 methods of MONITORING pest populations

visual inspection techniques
passive techniques

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Visual Inspection Techniques (list)

spot sampling
irritant sampling
flotation

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spot sampling:

visually inspect turfgrass

make sure that thatch is under control

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irritant sampling:

uses flushing agents (soaps, insecticides)

requires thorough soaking
thatch control is important

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Flotation:

push cylinder into thatch, add water until it says for a few seconds, pest will be on top
count for both pests and predators
most common for chinch bugs
very acurate
takes time

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to sample for insects in the soil

spade at surface and count

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Passive techniques for sampling (list)

blacklight traps
pheremone traps
flor-a-lure traps
pitfall traps

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when developing IPM program, know:

all inputs that are required to produce & maintain healthy turf
life cycle of pest
how to ID pest correctly
that damage is from pest, and not other
monitoring system for pests and weather
how to keep careful records
what you will use for control
how effective was a chemical on a certain pest

***record keeping***

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Bermudagrass Mite

Preferred TG

bermuda

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bermudagrass mite

damage

feed on epidermal cells

h2o and nutrient stress

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bermudagrass mite

symptoms

yellowing at tip, moving down blade

tufting and rosetting

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bermudagrass mite

control

cultural

microbial

chemical

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Mole Crickets

preferred TG

bahia and bermuda

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Mole Crickets

damage

feed and tunnel

eat and destroy root system

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Mole Crickets

symptoms

wilting

quick dieback

damage from foot and cart traffic

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Mole Crickets

control

biological

chemical

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Chinch bugs

preferred TG

Hairy chinch bug: bluegrass, bentgrass, fescues

Southern Chinch Bug: St. Augustine, Centipede, Zoysia

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Chinch bugs

damage

peircing and sucking mouthparts feed on plant sap

water and nutrient stress

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Chinch bugs

symptoms

yellowing to red/brown color

looks like sun scauld

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Chinch bugs control

HPR cultural chemical

Green Bug preferred TG

North: bentgrass and fescue South: Bermudagrass and centipede

Green Bug damage

peircing and sucking mouthparts feed on phloem cements to stem to feed, cement remains toxins in saliva

Green Bug symptoms

yellow spots and orange color

Green Bug control

HPR chemical

Two-Lined Spittlebug preferred TG

bermuda centipede St. Augustine

Two-Lined Spittlebug damage

P&S extract h2o and nutrients in large amounts lot of water used to maintain spittle feeds in xylem and around crown injects toxin

Two-Lined Spittlebug symptoms

wilting and dieback toxin causes streaking/stippling

Two-Lined Spittlebug control

cultural chemical

Ground Pearl preferred TG

bermuda centipede st. augustine zoysia

Ground Pearl damage

p&s leads to water and nutrient stress

Ground Pearl symptoms

yellowing and dieback

Ground Pearl control

cultural

Rhodesgrass Mealybug preferred TG

all major TG's

Rhodesgrass Mealybug damage

water and nutrient stress

Rhodesgrass Mealybug symptoms

yellowing and wilting at the same time

Rhodesgrass Mealybug control

biological chemical

Billbugs preferred TG

bluegrass billbug: bluegrass hunting billbug: bermudagrass

Billbugs damage

larva: above ground adults: root system

Billbugs symptoms

mimics drought, chinchbug, or white grub damage

Billbugs control

HPR Chemical

Green June Beetle preferred TG

no preference

Green June Beetle damage

young larva: tunnel horizontally, cutting root system and loosening soil older instars: tunnel vertically cutting deep roots and pushing soil

Green June Beetle symptoms

push soil to the surface, causing damage to machinery

Green June Beetle control

chemical

May & June Beetle preferred TG

North: bluegrass South: bermudagrass

May & June Beetle damage

feed close to crown and below soil

May & June Beetle symptoms

yellowing and dieback turfgrass is spongy and easily broken apart

May & June Beetle control

cultural biological chemical

Japanese Beetle preferred TG

bermuda centipede

Japanese Beetle damage

feed on root system causes water and nurtient stress

Japanese Beetle symptoms

yellowing and dieback

Japanese Beetle control

biological chemical

Southern Masked Chafer preferred TG

North: Bluegrass South: Bermudagrass pasture grasses

Southern Masked Chafer damage

feeds on root system cutting off water and nutrients

Southern Masked Chafer symptoms

yellowing and dieback

Southern Masked Chafer control

biological chemical

frit fly preferred TG

N: Bentgrass and Bluegrass S: Bermuda and St. Augustine

frit fly ## Footnote damage

rasps blades to crown wth mouth hooks

frit fly ## Footnote symptoms

2 parallel scars on blade

frit fly ## Footnote control

chemical

sod webworm preferred TG

all species

sod webworm ## Footnote damage

Larva: feed on leaf tips older instars tunnel in thatch, cuts blades, and pull them into tunnel

sod webworm ## Footnote symptoms

sometimes looks like disease

sod webworm ## Footnote control

HPR Biological Chemical

Army Worm preferred TG

all TG's

Army Worm damage

feed crown up skeletonize blades feed EN MASSE

Army Worm symptoms

skeletonized blades

Army Worm control

cultural chemical

Fall Army Worm preferred TG

bermudagrass

Fall Army Worm damage

feed on everything from crown up

Fall Army Worm control

HPR Biological Cultural Chemical

Black Cutworm preferred TG

N: Blue and Fescue S: bermuda and centipede

Black Cutworm ## Footnote damage

feed on roots up to crown

Black Cutworm ## Footnote symptoms

yellowing and dieback

Black Cutworm ## Footnote control

chemical

Test 3 Flashcards

(81 cards)