intelligence
the ability to learn & to meet the demands of the environment effectively
metacogition
to understand and control one’s mental activities
spearman’s two-factor theory of intelligence
he used factor analysis to determine whether intelligence was due to general or specific factors
g factor (spearman’s two-factor theory of intelligence)
a theoretical general factor of intelligence underlying all distinct clusters of mental ability
s factor (spearman’s two-factor theory of intelligence)
a theoretical specific factor uniquely tied to a distinct mental ability or area of functioning
what were Thurstone’s seven factors of basic components of intelligence
- verbal comprehension
- word fluency
- numerical skill
- spatial ability
- associative memory
- perceptual speed
- reasoning
Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences
there is no single, unified intelligence, but instead several independent intelligences arising from different portions of the brain
Robert Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence is made up of what 3 interacting components?
- internal (analytic) = processing of information
- external (creative) = novel tasks require specific thinking
- experimental (practical) = helps us adapt to or improve our environment
According to Stephen Ceci’s bioecological model of intelligence, intelligence is a function of the interaction between…?
- Innate potential abilities
- Environmental context (ecology)
- Internal motivation
how do we measure intelligence?
psychometric approach using carefully constructed psychological tests
reliability
the degree to which a test produces the same scores over time
validity
the extent to which a test accurately measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict
content validity
the degree to which the content of a test accurately represents what the test is intended to measure
validity coefficient
a correlation coefficient that measures validity by correlating a test score with some external criterion
predictive validity
the extent to which scores on a particular test successfully predict future performance on a measure related test
standardization
the use of uniform procedures in administering and scoring a test
normal distribution
a symmetrical, belle shaped distribution in which most scores are in the middle, with smaller groups of equal size at either end
what was Binet Simon best known for?
creating the intelligence test and introduced the idea of mental age; the intellectual age at which a person is functioning
What did Binet Simon base his intelligence test on?
based on language abilities
Galton & psychophysical performance
psychic energy & heightened sensitivity to external stimuli distinguish more gifted from less gifted people
theory of psychophysical performance
people with more energy can perform more work and, in turn, develop greater intelligence
what was Lewis Terman best known for?
adapting the Binet-Simon intelligence test for use in the US and developed the intelligence quotient (IQ)
Terman believed that his IQ test could help determine what in individuals?
the fitness of individuals to reproduce
Who did Terman administer his test?
newly-arrived immigrants to the US and WWI army recruits to determine if they should be admitted
