test #3

Question 1

stress

Answer 1

response to a situation that threatens (or appears to), one’s self of well-being

Question 2

stressor

Answer 2

something that triggers a stress response

Question 3

acute stressor

Answer 3

short-term finite stressful situation

Question 4

chronic stressor

Answer 4

long-term stressor with no definitive end

Question 5

approach-approach (type of stressful conflict)

Answer 5

two good options –> not very stressful

Question 6

avoidance-avoidance (type of stressful conflict)

Answer 6

two bad options –> stressful

Question 7

approach-avoidance (type of stressful conflict)

Answer 7

options with both good & bad elements –> can be quite stressful

Question 8

what are the 4 most common ways of experiencing stress?

Answer 8

1. feeling frustrated
2. feeling pressure
3. feeling conflict
4. feeling endangered

Question 9

Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)

Answer 9

assigns life change units to various events that can occur in one’s life

Question 10

socio-cultural conditions (kind of stressor)

Answer 10

ethnic minority groups who confront prejudice or discrimination or move to a new country

Question 11

stereotype threat (kind of stressor)

Answer 11

suspicions, confusion, & resulting vigilance experienced by minority-group members as they interact with majority-group members

Question 12

what are the 7 kinds of stressors?

Answer 12

1. daily hassles (micro-stressors)
2. (big) life changes
3. traumatic events
4. PTSD
5. chronic negative situations
6. socio-cultural conditions
7. stereotype threat

Question 13

the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) (3 steps)

Answer 13

1. alarm
2. resistance
3. exhaustion

Question 14

the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) #1 - alarm

Answer 14

body’s initial reaction to a stressor (fight or flight)

Question 15

the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) #2 - resistance

Answer 15

body’s attempt to stabilize if stressor continues

Question 16

the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) #3 - exhaustion

Answer 16

further exposure to stressor depletes energy and resistance

Question 17

cognitive response to stress by Richard Lazarus

Answer 17

appraisal

Question 18

primary appraisal

Answer 18

appraisal of stressor (how big of a stressor is)

Question 19

secondary appraisal

Answer 19

appraisal of resources and one’s ability to deal with stressor

Question 20

automatic reactivity and stress

Answer 20

differences in intensity of autonomic nervous system (ANS) reaction

Question 21

hardy/stress-resistant personality

Answer 21

takes control & views stressors as growth opportunities

Question 22

personalty style & stress –> type A

Answer 22

style resulting in continual stress (impatient, angry)

Question 23

personalty style & stress –> type B

Answer 23

experience lower levels of stress (more relaxed, less aggressive)

Question 24

personalty style & stress –> type C

Answer 24

particularly vulnerable to stress (positive but unable to express negative feelings)

Question 25

personalty style & stress --> type D

Answer 25

distressed, which impacts health

Question 26

problem-focused coping

Answer 26

efforts aimed at a stressor

Question 27

emotion-focused coping

Answer 27

changing feelings about the stressor

Question 28

counterproductive strategies for coping with stress

Answer 28

1. lashing out 2. self-indulgence 3. anything that externalizes the problem too much

Question 29

psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 29

studies links between stress, the immune system, & health

Question 30

lymphocytes

Answer 30

white blood cells that are key in fighting bacterial & viral invaders

Question 31

norepinephrine

Answer 31

improves immune functioning at low levels of stress

Question 32

corticosteroids

Answer 32

cortisol & other so-called stress hormones which contribute to poorer immune system functioning

Question 33

eustress

Answer 33

optimal stress level that promotes physical & psychological health

Question 34

inoculation

Answer 34

dealing with small levels of stress to improve functioning in increasingly stressful situations

Question 35

biological factors that influence the development of PTSD

Answer 35

- increased cortisol & norepinephrine - smaller hippocampus - exaggerated sympathetic nervous system

Question 36

abnormal psychology

Answer 36

the scientific study of psychological disorders

Question 37

what are the 4 Ds in abnormal psychology

Answer 37

1. deviance 2. distress 3. dysfunction 4. danger

Question 38

comorbidity

Answer 38

the condition in which a person's symptoms qualify him or her for two or more diagnoses

Question 39

paraphilic disorders

Answer 39

deviant sexual interest

Question 40

the neuroscience model

Answer 40

abnormal behaviour is an illness caused by a malfunctioning brain

Question 41

biopsychosocial perspective

Answer 41

bio factors alone are not enough to understand psychological disorders

Question 42

the behavioural perspective

Answer 42

abnormal behaviours are acquired by principles of learning

Question 43

the cognitive perspective

Answer 43

abnormal functioning can result from maladaptive beliefs and illogical thinking processes

Question 44

selective perception

Answer 44

seeing only the negative features of an event

Question 45

magnification

Answer 45

exaggerating the importance of undesirable events

Question 46

overgeneralization

Answer 46

drawing broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event

Question 47

fixation

Answer 47

being trapped at an early stage of development

Question 48

equifinality

Answer 48

children can start from different points and wind up at the same outcome

Question 49

multifinality

Answer 49

children can start from the same point and wind up at any number of different outcomes

Question 50

psychotherapy

Answer 50

use words and acts

Question 51

biological therapy

Answer 51

physical and chemical procedures

Question 52

psychologists

Answer 52

counsel patients (have PHD)

Question 53

psychiatrists

Answer 53

medical doctor who prescribe

Question 54

psychotropic drugs

Answer 54

drugs that act on the brain

Question 55

what are the 2 mood stabilizers

Answer 55

1. lithium 2. valporate

Question 56

gestalt therapy

Answer 56

humanistic approach that helps clients towards self-acceptance