Test 4 - memory

Question 1

2 categories of explicit memory

Answer 1

episodic and semantic

Question 2

what is explicit memory

Answer 2

conscious memory

Question 3

what is episodic memory

Answer 3

personal & autobiographical info, things not everyone knows

Question 4

what is semantic memory

Answer 4

facts & knowledges, things everyone would know

Question 5

what is implicit memory

Answer 5

unconscious
- skills
- habits
- priming
- conditioning

Question 6

what is emotional memory

Answer 6

conscious & unconscious
- attraction
- avoidance
- fear

Question 7

types of LTM

Answer 7

explicit (episodic and semantic), implicit, emotional

Question 8

what info does STM include

Answer 8

sensory, motor, cognitive

Question 9

what does short term include

Question 10

how does STM get incorporated into LTM

Answer 10

you need to pay attention to whatever it is

Question 11

main areas w LT explicit memory

Answer 11

-temporal lobe and proximal areas (perirhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex, entorhinal cortex)

• prefrontal cortex
• medial thalamus
• basal forebrain, amygdala

Question 12

slide 26

Question 13

circuit in LTM explicit

Answer 13

Prefrontal cortex-temporal lobe structures-medial thalamus circuit

Question 14

circuit in LTM implicit

Answer 14

Basal ganglia &/or cerebellum-neocortex circuit

Question 15

anterograde amnesia

Answer 15

cannot form new memories after injury

Question 16

retreograde amnesia

Answer 16

cannot access old memories
- can be incomplete, some may be accessible (like older ones) and others may not

Question 17

what determines which brain system is damaged

Answer 17

Different memory systems will be impaired by different types of brain damage

Question 18

what was HM’s surgery

Answer 18

for epilepsy
- bilateral hippocampus removal, and parts of temporal lobe

Question 19

what was HM’s amnesia

Answer 19

Severe anterograde amnesia for explicit memories following surgery

Question 20

do the left and right hemispheres encode the same info

Answer 20

no, left and right hemispheres are involved in encoding and retrieving different types of material

Question 21

lesions in the left hemisphere can impair

Answer 21

memory for verbal material (language-based), e.g., names, stories.

Question 22

what does the prefrontal are do w memory

Answer 22

organization of memories, provides structure and timeline

Question 23

what does the medial thalamus do w memories

Answer 23

relay spot, mediates between prefrontal and temporal cortex

Question 24

what does temporal area do

Answer 24

lay down info

Question 25

what does the thalamus do

Answer 25

link up the systems

Question 26

the implicit uses the _____ pathways

Answer 26

motor

Question 27

what was preserved w HM

Answer 27

emotional memory, got better w games (implicit?)

Question 28

lesions in the right hemisphere can

Answer 28

affect visual/spatial memory (faces, routes to a place, etc.)

Question 29

which side of the brain is affected can affect

Answer 29

which type of memory is affected - alzheimers is bilateral, so both visual and verbal is affected

Question 30

Clive: what type of amnesia

Answer 30

both visual and verbal, and retrograde and anterograde - loss of episodic (doesn't remember kids names)

Question 31

clive: what type of memory did he retain

Answer 31

implicit (using utensils, walking, playing piano, etc.) emotional (connection to wife)

Question 32

what made clive lose his memory

Answer 32

contracted herpesviral encephalitis, a herpes simplex virus that attacked his central nervous system

Question 33

did clive retain semantic memory

Answer 33

some, such as the concept of doctors, chicken, etc.

Question 34

which NT involved in explicit memory systems

Answer 34

acetylcholine, serotonin, noradrenaline