The face

Question 1

Muscles of facial expression:

1. attachments
2. movements
3. innervations

Answer 1

• attachments are btw skull & overlying skin
• muscle contracts, skin moves (rather than a joint
• innervated by CN VII facial nerve

Question 2

occipitofrontalis

Answer 2

• elevates eyebrows and skin of forehead

- as in surprised or doubtful look

Question 3

Procerus

Answer 3

• depresses skin btw eyebrows

- as in a look of anger

Question 4

Orbicularis Oculi

Answer 4

• closes eyelids
• palpebral- gentle
• orbital- tight

Question 5

orbicularis oris

Answer 5

-compresses and protrudes the lips as in puckering/tightly closing lips

Question 6

Buccinator

Answer 6

• presses cheek against molar teeth

- keeps cheek taut when blowing

Question 7

zygomaticus major

Answer 7

-pulls superiorly on upper lip as in smiling

Question 8

levator labii superioris

Answer 8

• elevates lips, dilates nostrils, raises angle of the mouth

- as in Elvis, sneering

Question 9

depressor labii inferioris

Answer 9

-pulls lower lips inferiorlu (to show lower teeth)

Question 10

depressor anguli oris

Answer 10

-pulls corners of mouth inferiorly, as in frowning

Question 11

mentalis

Answer 11

-elevates and protrudes lower lip as in a pout

Question 12

platysma

Answer 12

• tenses skin of lower face and neck, depresses mandible

- as in a grimace

Question 13

Facial nerve CN VII

1. function/innervation
2. cranial exit

Answer 13

1. function/innervation
   - somatic motor
   - muscles of facial expression
   - stylohyoid m.
   - posterior digastric m.
2. cranial exit
   - into the internal acoustic meatus (temporal bone)
   - out of the stylomastoid foramen (temporal bone)

Question 14

Bell’s palsy

Answer 14

• paralysis of facial nerve
• caused by exposure to cold; common in 20-50 age group
• most recover within 2-8 wks; some may take 1-2 years to recover
• inability to raise eyebrow or generate wrinkles on the forehead
• difficulty closing eye and inability to raise corner of mouth
• drooping at the corner of mouth and inability to completely close eye

Question 15

Parotid gland and duct

Answer 15

• largest salivary gland
• parotid duct crosses surface of masseter then pierces through buccinator to drain saliva into mouth near 2nd upper molar
• facial nerve is embedded within gland, but does not innervate it
• parotid gland innervated by glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)

Question 16

arteries of face

Answer 16

• common carotid a.
• internal & external carotid aa.
• facial a.
• maxillary a. (deep within cheek)
• superficial temporal a.

-facial wounds bleed freely and heal quickly because of numerous anastomoses