Thyroid

Question 1

Define the arterial blood supply to the thyroid

Answer 1

• superior thyroid artery (first branch of the external carotid)
• Inferior thyroid artery (branch of the thyrocervical trunk)

Question 2

Define the venous drainage of the thyroid

Answer 2

• superior thyroid vein
• middle thyroid vein
• inferior thyroid vein

Question 3

What is the thyroid lobe appendage coursing towards the hyoid bone from around the thyroid isthmus

Answer 3

Pyramidal - 50% of people have

Question 4

What veins do you first see after opening the platysma muscle when performing a thyroidectomy

Answer 4

anterior jugular veins

Question 5

Name the lymph node group around the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid lobe

Answer 5

Delphian lymph node group

Question 6

which ligament connects the thyroid to the trachea

Answer 6

Ligament of berry

Question 7

What is the IMA artery?

Answer 7

Small inerior artery to the thyroid from the aorta or innominate artery

Question 8

name the most posterior extension of the lateral thyroid lobes?

Answer 8

tubercle of zuckerkandl

Question 9

Which paired nerves must be carefully identified during a thyroidectomy

Answer 9

recurrent laryngeal nerves

found in the tracheooesophageal grooves and dive behind the cricothyroid muscle; dsmage to these nerves parylses laryngeal abductors and causes hoarseness if unilateral and airway obstruction if bilateral

Question 10

Which other nerve is at risk during a thyroidectomy and what are the symptoms?

Answer 10

Superior laryngeal nerves - if damaged the patient will have a deeper and quieter voice

Question 11

Explain thyroid hormone synthesis

Answer 11

Question 12

Causes of a lump

Answer 12

• goitre
  
  • physiological
  • non-toxic
  • thyrotoxic
• adenoma - functioning/ non functioning
• cyst
• thyroiditis: Hashimotos, de Quervains
• Carcinoma

Question 13

Types of goitre

Answer 13

• diffuse goitre
• multinodular goitre
• solitaryn thyroid nodule

Question 14

Diffuse goitre

Answer 14

• non-toxic
• diffusely involves the whole gland
• not associated with hypo or hyperthyroidism

Question 15

Diffuse goitre causes

Answer 15

• Physiological
• dietary iodine deficiency