Tissue Lab Flashcards by Moeka Nakagawa

5 characteristics of epithelial tissue

avascular (no blood vessels)
tightly held by desmosomes
polarity (apical & basal surface)
rest on basement membrane and connective tissue
lines and covers surfaces

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What are the 4 types of tissues?

-connective, muscular, nervous, epithelial

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What are the 2 kinds of epithelial tissues?

covering/lining

- glandular

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What are endocrine and exocrine glands?

endocrine glands: ductless, produces secretes hormone into blood
exocrine glands: with ducts, secretes chemicals out (like sweat glands)

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Apical surface v basal surface

apical: faces outside of an organ/inside of tube/passageway (the free surface)
basal: separates the epithelium from underlying tissues. sits on basement membrane

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5 functions of epithelial tissues

-diffusion, filtration, absorption, protection, secretion

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Transitional epithelium

form over rounded cells with the ability to slide over one and another

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How do you classify Epithelial tissue based on structure? (2)

Based on shape of cells

squamous
cuboidal
columnar

Based on number of layers

single
stratified
to identify stratified cells, look at the apical surface*

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Simple squamous epithelium

3 functions, 5 locations

Function: filtration, absorption, secretion (of lubricating substances)

Location: kidney gromeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, lining of ventral cavity, blood/lymphatic vessels

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Simple cuboidal epithelium

Functions: secretion, absorption

Locations: kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface

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What are the 4 types of connective tissues?

Connective tissue proper (which includes fat and fibrous tissues of ligaments)
blood
bone
cartilage

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What are the 3 characteristics of connective tissue?

originate from mesenchyme cells
have cells and matrix
varying degree of vascularity (vascularity bone>muscle>cartilage (avascular)

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What are the 5 functions of connective tissue?

What is its main function (4)?

protection, support, movement, structure, transport

binds and supports other cells.
connective tissue consists largely of an extracellular matrix that separates the cells. this allows the connective tissue to bear weight, withstand tension, and endure physical abuses no other tissue can tolerate
extracellular matrix, secreted by the cells
the matrix consists of fibers embedded into a liquid, jelly, or solid material

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What are the 3 types of fibers of connective tissue?

-collagen, elastic, reticular

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What are the 7 different types of cells found in connective tissue?

Mast cells - detect foreign microorganisms
Adipocytes - fat storage
Macrophages - devour foreiegn material
Fibroblast - makes the CT proper
Chondrocytes - cartilage cells
Osteocytes - bone cells
RBC, WBC, Platelets - blood cells

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What are the 2 kinds of connective tissue proper? What are the 3 subdivisions for each?

Loose connective tissue
- areolar: soft packing tissue that cushions and protects
- adipose: fat that provides storage & insulation
- reticular: reticular fibers containing collagen (similar to areolar but the only fiber it contains is reticular)
Dense connective tissue
- dense regular connective tissue: ligaments and tendons
- dense irregular ct: dermis (skin)
- dense elastic: large arteries

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What is a cartilage tissue (2) and what are the 3 kinds of cartilage tissue?

stands up to both tension and compression. in between bone and dense regular ct. rough but flexible
avascular and relies on diffusion from blood vessels

Hyaline: most abundant cartilages in the body, large number of collagen fibers
- tip of nose, ribs to sternum
Elastic: more elastic than hyaline
- external ear & epiglottis
Fibrocartilage: an intermediary between hyaline and dense regular ct
- intervertebral discs & spongy cartilages of knees

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What are the fibers and cells of an Areolar Connective Tissue?
What is the function?
Where are they located?

Fibers: collagen and elastic
cells: fibroblasts
location: under epithelium in lamina propria, surrounds capillaries
function: provides cushion

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What are the fibers and cells of dense regular connective tissues?
What are their location and functions?

fibers: collagen
cells: fibroblasts
locations: tendons, ligaments
functions: attach muscle to bones & bones to bones

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What are the location and function of the dense irregular connective tissue?

location: dermis

- function: protection

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Dense elastic connective tissue
What are the fibers and cells?
What are the location and function?

fibers: elastic
cells: fibroblasts
locations: large arteries
function: allow stretching and recoil

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Hyaline Cartilage

-fiber, cells, locations (4), functions (3)

fiber: collagen
cells: chondrocytes trapped in lacuna
location: embryonic skeleton, ends of long bones, costal cartilage of ribs, nose/trachea/larynx
function: support, reinforce, cushion

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Elastic Cartilage

-fiber, cell, location (2), function (2)

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Fiber: elastic
cells: chondrocytes
locations: external ear, epiglottis
function: maintains shape of structure, allows flexibility

Fibrocartilage

-fiber, cell, location (2), function (1)

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fiber: collagen
cell: chondrocytes
location: intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis
function: absorbs compressive shock

What are the 3 components of an Osteon?

-central canal (haversion canal) -conains artery, vein, and nerve -matrix is round lamellae in the lamellae, osteocytes trapped in lacuna

Osseous Tissue | -fiber, cell, location (1), function (3)

- fiber: collagen - cells: osteocytes trapped in lacuna - locations: bones - functions: supports/protect, store minerals/fat, hematopoiesis (production of RBC and platelets)

Blood | -location, function

- location: within blood vessels | - function: transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, waste

Nervous Tissue | -cells, locations (3), functions

- cells: neurons - location: brain, spinal chord, nerves - function: transmits electrical signals

What are the 2 major cells of nervous tissue?

- neuroglia: supporting cell that protects and insulate neurons - neurons: receive stimuli and generate electrical signals

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

1. Skeletal 2. Cardiac 3. Smooth

What are the functions of skeletal muscle tissue (2)? What kind of appearance does it take?

- causes voluntary movements - attached to bones by tendons - striped/striated appearance

What is the function of the cardiac muscle (5)?

- forms contractile heart tissue - involuntary movement - muscle fibers are branch - interconnect at junctions called intercalated discs - contraction and propulsion of blood

What are the functions of smooth muscle tissue (3)? What are their special structures (2)? Where are they located (1)?

- no striations, spindle shaped - located in walls of hollow organs (digestive, urinary tracts, uterus, blood vessels) - propulsion of substances - involuntary control