Tissue loading

Question 1

Define mechanotransduction

Answer 1

• cells sense and respond to mechanical loads
• maintains normal MsK structures in absence of injury

Question 2

List the 3 step concept of mechanotransduction

Answer 2

• mechano coupling
• cell-cell communication
• effector cell response

Question 3

Define mechanocoupling

Answer 3

• physical load causing physical perturbation to cells in tissue

Question 4

define cell-cell communication

Answer 4

• stimulus in one cell leads to communication in adjacent cells to also receive the mechanical stimulus

Question 5

Define effector cell response

Answer 5

• resulting outcome of cellular function in response to stimulus

Question 6

What does POLICE stand for

Answer 6

• protection
• optimal loading
• ice
• compression
• elevation

Question 7

Factors influencing tissue healing

Answer 7

• age
• gender/hormones
• genetics
• history of trauma/underlying pathology
• physical activity
• nutrition

Question 8

What are the components of CT (3)

Answer 8

• fibers
• cells
• ground substance

Question 9

What are the 2 main types of collagen

Answer 9

• type I
• type II

Question 10

Define type I collagen

Answer 10

• most common
• thick with little stretch

Question 11

Examples of type I collagen

Answer 11

• ligaments
• tendons
• fascia
• fibrous joint capsule

Question 12

Define type II collagen

Answer 12

• thin fibers interweave for support
• compressive stress

Question 13

Example of type II collagen

Answer 13

• hyaline cartilage
• elastic collagen

Question 14

What is an example of mixed type I and II collagen

Answer 14

• fibrocartilage (knee meniscus, intervertebral discs)

Question 15

What is Wolff’s law

Answer 15

• tissues adapt to repeated stress allowing them to remodel or realign along lines of tensile force

Question 16

What are the 3 layers of CT/fascia

Answer 16

• superficial
• deep
• visceral

Question 17

Define fascia

Answer 17

• uninterrupted elastic tissue that surrounds and penetrates all structures of the body

Question 18

What is the composition of fascia

Answer 18

• loose and dense fibrous CT nociceptors (pain receptors)
• mechanoreceptors that respond to pressure or deformation of tissue
• myofibroblasts

Question 19

What are some of the receptors in fascia (3)

Answer 19

• golgi receptors
• pacinian corpuscles
• ruffini’s corpuscles

Question 20

Define golgi receptors

Answer 20

• stimulated with slow sustained movements

Question 21

Define pacinian corpuscles

Answer 21

• react to deep pressure and vibration

Question 22

Define ruffini’s corpuscles

Answer 22

• low frequency vibration
• sustained pressure in addition to stretching of skin

Question 23

Define myofibroblasts

Answer 23

• actin and myosin filaments as seen in smooth muscle

Question 24

What fascia do we see some contractility in

Answer 24

thoracolumbar fascia