tissues

Question 1

how many cells does the average adult human have?

Answer 1

100 trillion

Question 2

how many types of cells are there?

Answer 2

about 200

Question 3

what does cellular diversity allow?

Answer 3

organisation of cells into more complex tissues and organisms

Question 4

what is a tissue?

Answer 4

a group of cells that function together to carry out specialised activities

Question 5

what are the type of tissues?

Answer 5

hard (bone)
semisolid (fat)
liquid (blood)

Question 6

what is histology?

Answer 6

the science that deals with the study of tissues

Question 7

what are pathologists specialised in?

Answer 7

lab studies of cells and tissue for diagnoses

Question 8

what are the fundamental cell processes to animal development?

Answer 8

cell proliferation
cell specialisation
cell morphogenesis

Question 9

what is cell morphogenesis?

Answer 9

cells interact and move to form structures, tissues and organs

Question 10

what do tissues in the body develop from?

Answer 10

primary germ layers

Question 11

what are the types of primary germ layers?

Answer 11

ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm

Question 12

which germ layers do epithelial tissues develop from?

Answer 12

all three

Question 13

which germ layers do connective and muscle tissues develop from?

Answer 13

mesoderm

Question 14

which germ layers do nervous tissues develop from?

Answer 14

ectoderm

Question 15

what does a fertilised egg divide to produce?

Answer 15

a blastula

Question 16

what is gastrulation?

Answer 16

cells tuck into the interior to form the mesoderm and endoderm, whilst ectodermal cells remain on the outside

Question 17

what are the areas of an embryo?

Answer 17

dorsal
ventral
anterior
posterior
left
right

Question 18

what is the dorsal area?

Answer 18

Back

Question 19

what is the vental area?

Answer 19

stomach

Question 20

what is the anterior area?

Answer 20

head

Question 21

what is the posterior area?

Answer 21

tails

Question 22

what are the model organisms for studying development?

Answer 22

C. elegans
D. melanogaster

Question 23

why is C. elegans easy to study?

Answer 23

has a small number of cells that have been mapped to the genome

Question 24

what has D. melanogaster done?

Answer 24

helped understand how genes govern early development
allow phenotypes to be studied

Question 25

what are four examples of tissue types in animals?

Answer 25

epithelial connective muscle nervous

Question 26

what does epithelial tissue do?

Answer 26

covers body surfaces and lines organs, cavities, ducts and glands

Question 27

what does connective tissue do?

Answer 27

protects and supports binds organs stores energy as fat helps provide immunity

Question 28

what does muscle tissue do?

Answer 28

generates physical force to make body move and generates body heat

Question 29

what does nervous tissue do?

Answer 29

detects changes in environment inside and outside responds by generating action potentials that activate muscle contractions and secretions

Question 30

what is tissue culture?

Answer 30

growing cells in the lab

Question 31

what is epithelial tissue made from?

Answer 31

a single layer of cells that have a particular shape

Question 32

what does stratified epithelial sheet contain?

Answer 32

a mixture of cell types

Question 33

where does each type of epithelial tissue lie?

Answer 33

on the basal lamina

Question 34

what are adipocytes and what do they do?

Answer 34

fat cells stores fat

Question 35

what do mast cells do?

Answer 35

produce histamine

Question 36

wha do white blood cells do?

Answer 36

immune response

Question 37

what do fibroblasts do?

Answer 37

secrete fibres and components of ECM

Question 38

what do macrophages do?

Answer 38

engulf bacteria and cellular debris by phagocytosis

Question 39

where are connective tissue cells found?

Answer 39

in the ECM

Question 40

what do plasma cells do?

Answer 40

secrete antibodies

Question 41

what is connective tissue like?

Answer 41

has fewer cells less dense packing

Question 42

what type of tissue is blood?

Answer 42

liquid connective tissue

Question 43

what is the skin composed of?

Answer 43

epithelial tissue on outside connective tissue on inside

Question 44

what is hematopoietic stem cells?

Answer 44

blood stem cells

Question 45

what do blood stem cells do?

Answer 45

divide to generate more stem cells and precursor cells that proliferate and differentiate into mature blood cell types

Question 46

what does blood contain?

Answer 46

many circulating cell types all derived from a single type of stem cell

Question 47

what does muscular tissue consist of?

Answer 47

elongated cells (muscle fibres or myocytes)

Question 48

what are the types of muscular tissue?

Answer 48

skeletal cardiac smooth