TNF-alpha

Question 1

What is TNF-alpha

Answer 1

• a cytotoxic factor that can induce apoptosis and inflammation pathways
• Induces caspase mediated cell death
• secreted from cell types like macrophages
• can bind to receptor either as a soluble or membrane-bound factor

Question 2

What are the two TNF-alpha receptors?

Answer 2

TNFR2 and TNFR1

Question 3

What is TRAAD?

Answer 3

• An adapter protein associated with TNFR1

- acts as a primary scaffold for signal transduction proteins associated with the TNF-alpha pathway

Question 4

Define NF-KB

Answer 4

• a transcription factor
• involved in inflammatory response and cell regulation
• helps activate MAPK pathways

Question 5

In what lung condition does TNF-alpha plays a role

Answer 5

Severe refractory asthma

Question 6

What is RIPK3?

Answer 6

RIPK is a signal factor that generates cell death when a virus like influenza is detected

Question 7

What is IKK?

Answer 7

IKK is a kinase responsible for activating NF-kB. It acts as an intermediate between signals like TNF-alpha and NF-kB.
- It possess the ability to react differently to diverse stimuli

Question 8

What happens when TNF activates IKK?

Answer 8

• fast response
• however, the TNF signal is quickly downregualted
• this makes TNF the INNATE response

Question 9

What happens when LPS signalling activates IKK?

Answer 9

• slower response
• however, signal is up-regulated, positive feedback
• a longterm signal that can spread to surrounding cells