Topic 1

Question 1

mutation in sgr impair

Answer 1

chlorophyll degredation

Question 2

whats the most important part of genetic analysis

Answer 2

mutant identification

Question 3

what can be controlled in choosing a garden pea (3)

Answer 3

easy to grow
short life cycle
mating

Question 4

2 types of crosses

Answer 4

cross- pollination
selfing

Question 5

pollen for cross - pollination comes from where

Answer 5

another plant

Question 6

pollen for selfing comes from where

Answer 6

itself

Question 7

true breeding means what

Answer 7

homozygous for the respective loci

Question 8

foundation of the inheritance laws

Answer 8

reproducible distributions of phenotypes in F2 progenies

Question 9

controlled crosses

Answer 9

knowing the genotype of the parents

Question 10

F1 is what

Answer 10

the first hybrid generation

Question 11

F2 is what

Answer 11

the re-segregation generation

Question 12

mendelian laws allow the prediction and distribution of phenotypes for n of generations after

Answer 12

F2

Question 13

monohybrid crosses

Answer 13

crosses of two varieties of true- needing plants that differed in only one character

Question 14

test cross

Answer 14

the F1 hybrid with the dominant is crossed with the recessive individual

Question 15

a tester in a test cross is always ________ __________

Answer 15

homozygous recessive

Question 16

when a tested plant is a hybrid whats the result

Answer 16

it presents two phenotypes equally

Question 17

when a tested plant is homozygous dominant , what is the result

Answer 17

100% the dominant phenotype

Question 18

if information for a trait can be silenced, then _______________ cannot apply

Answer 18

genetic blending

Question 19

locus

Answer 19

the physical region in chromosomes where genes are

Question 20

allele

Answer 20

a version of a gene that occupies a locus

Question 21

in the first mendelian law, the dominant phenotype appears at ____% in the F1

Answer 21

100

Question 22

mathematical prediction of the first law

Answer 22

3 : 1

Question 23

mendels first law

Answer 23

alleles of a gene separate independently from each other during gamete formation

Question 24

principle of dominance (in a heterozygote…)

Answer 24

one allele may conceal the presence of another

Question 25

what family shows proof of the law of segregation

Answer 25

F2

Question 26

the principle of segregation (in a heterozygote...)

Answer 26

two different alleles segregate from each other during the formation of gametes

Question 27

what generation directly suggests dominance , why?

Answer 27

F1 - the recessive trait "disappears" in F1

Question 28

which generation directly provides evidence for the independent segregation of alleles

Answer 28

F2 - predictable ratios

Question 29

in testcrosses, _______ and _______ frequencies are identical

Answer 29

genotypic and phenotypic

Question 30

dihybrid crosses

Answer 30

differ in two traits (2 genes, 4 alleles)

Question 31

Dihybrid crosses

Answer 31

crosses of two varieties of true breeding plats that differed in two characteristic (ie - green/yellow and wrinkled/smooth)

Question 32

random segregation will lead to ___ possible gamete recombinations

Answer 32

4

Question 33

recombinant phenotypes

Answer 33

offspring that show a new combination of traits different from either parent and the F1

Question 34

mathematical prediction. for the second law

Answer 34

9:3:3:1

Question 35

how many phenotypes in F2 offspring for monohybrid crosses

Answer 35

2

Question 36

how many phenotypes in F2 offspring for dihybrid crosses

Answer 36

4 phenotypes

Question 37

how many phenotypes in F2 offspring for trihybrid crosses

Answer 37

8 phenotypes

Question 38

when does the F2 class phenotypic and genotypic ratios equal each other

Answer 38

the double reccesice

Question 39

are parental and recombinant phenotypes always the same

Answer 39

no yes if it follows mendals laws

Question 40

does dominance vary with the origin of the game

Answer 40

no

Question 41

do test crosses always give equal ratios (1:1, 1:1:1:1)?

Answer 41

yes

Question 42

heterozygote vs heterozygote creates what ratios

Answer 42

3:1 or 9:3:3:1

Question 43

F1 is always

Answer 43

heterozygous

Question 44

an x2 value greater than the critical value _____ the null hypothesis

Answer 44

rejects

Question 45

chi-test is used to

Answer 45

rule out medelian inheritance of the genes in question

Question 46

humans have how many pairs of sex chromosomes

Answer 46

1

Question 47

most common cause of human genetic disease

Answer 47

recessive mutations

Question 48

null alleles

Answer 48

recessive alleles usually lack function

Question 49

the majority of human genes are

Answer 49

haplosufficient (Aa)

Question 50

albinism is due to a lack of

Answer 50

tyrosinase

Question 51

recessive conditions often ________ generations

Answer 51

skip

Question 52

for dominant mutations, whats the pattern

Answer 52

every infected individual is expected to have at least one affected parents (no skipping generations)

Question 53

do dominant mutations have carriers

Answer 53

no

Question 54

haploinsuffieciency

Answer 54

one "good" copy of a gene does not make enough of the gene product to hide the other

Question 55

in a dominate trait, can unaffected parents have an affected kid? what example of distinction is that?

Answer 55

no - rigorous

Question 56

predictions of mendelian laws for distribution is based on what (2)

Answer 56

the independent segregation of alleles in meiosis random fusion of gametes during fertilization