Topic 1

Question 1

Describe what Rules are

Answer 1

Principles of good design setting up for data collection

Question 2

Describe what Tools are

Answer 2

Summarising and describing collected data

Question 3

Describe what Theory is

Answer 3

Math behind tools and rules

Question 4

Under what framework was psychology initially studied and why.

Answer 4

1. Philosophy
2. Because it was about ‘questions of the mind’, which in that time was associated with the soul therefore deeming it a nonscientific area of study

Question 5

What two psychologists advocated for Psych to be studied as a scientific topic?

Answer 5

Wilhelm Wundt

William James

Question 6

Describe the theory of structuralism and who theorised this

Answer 6

1. Wilhelm Wundt

2. That mental events can be broken down into their components

Question 7

What are the four Goals of Science?

Answer 7

1. Description (what happened)
2. Explanation (why it happened)
3. Prediction (what will happen next)
4. Control (how to make it happen)

Question 8

Describe the four goals of science from a psychological perspective

Answer 8

1. Description - describing behaviour and the conditions under which it occurred
2. Explanation - finding out the causes of behaviour
3. Prediction - the ability to predict will only be as good as our ability to EXPLAIN
4. Control - if EXPLANATION correct, then manipulating the causes will show changes in behaviour

Question 9

Finish the sentence:

The ability to predict will only be as good as

Answer 9

Our ability to EXPLAIN

Question 10

What does understanding require?

Answer 10

Obtaining more knowledge

Question 11

Describe the four approaches to Understanding

Answer 11

1. Authority Approach
2. Analogy Approach
3. Rule Approach
4. Empirical Approach

Question 12

Describe the Authority approach, its advantage and disadvantage

Answer 12

Obtaining knowledge from sources seen as reliable and valid

A = allows us to assimilate existing knowledge 
D = requires critical evaluation 

e.g. seeing the mechanic and asking which car model is better

Question 13

Describe the Analogy approach and its disadvantage

Answer 13

Making an analogy between a new event and a familiar understandable event

D = open to various interpretations as is a personal perspective

e.g. you’ve had the old model, drawing conclusions about the new version based on this

Question 14

Describe the Rule approach, its advantage and disadvantage

Answer 14

Establishing laws/rules covering observations

A = saves time and effort 
D = can minimise advancement of understanding 

e.g. Friday night means the cafe will be busy therefore you don’t go down to check

Question 15

Describe the Empirical approach

Answer 15

Testing ideas against actual events by observing behaviour and drawing conclusions

Question 16

What two things must a hypothesis be?

Answer 16

1. Testable = can derive a test and gain results

2. Falsifiable = test can show H is incorrect