What is converging evolution?
Occurs when unrelated species develop similar adaptations due to the environment in which they live or the ecological niches they occupy.
Darwin’s major conclusions were:
1. Individuals within a species may ____.
2. Some variation is/is not inherited.
3. More offspring are produced than can _______ and ________.
4. Survival and reproduction is/is not random, but related to phenotypic/genotypic variation
Darwin’s major conclusions were:
1. Individuals within a species may vary.
2. Some variation is inherited.
3. More offspring are produced than can survive and reproduce.
4. Survival and reproduction is not random, but related to phenotypic variation
What are the four steps in the cycle that reinforces Darwin’s theory concerning natural selection?
- Reproductive Success: individuals with advantageous traits survive longer = greater rates of reproduction
- Inheritance: alleles that produce favourable traits are passed on to offspring
- Variation: variation in traits can be observed among individuals within a population (only if traits are inheritable)
- Natural Selection: environment determines which traits are considered advantageous vs disadvantageous
According to Charles Darwin’s theory concerning natural selection, favourable traits tend to be _________ through reproductive success while unfavourable ones tend to be _________.
According to Charles Darwin’s theory concerning natural selection, favourable traits tend to be preserved through reproductive success while unfavourable ones tend to be destroyed.
Evolution can be defined as the change in ______ ___________ in a population over time.
Evolution can be defined as the change in allele frequencies in a population over time.
What is adaptive radiation?
A process by which organisms diversify rapidly from a single ancestral species into many new forms.
Natural selection can/cannot occur without heritability, but evolution by natural selection can/cannot.
Natural selection can occur without heritability, but evolution by natural selection cannot.
Certain phenotypes can increase fitness/survival, but will not be passed down to offspring.
Specific features of the __________ can generate natural selection on a trait.
Specific features of the environment can generate natural selection on a trait. A trait that is advantageous in one environment might be disadvantageous in another.
What is an adaptive trait?
A heritable, physical or behavioural characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival.
Homologous structure: similar/different structure, similar/differing function and do/do not derive from a common ancestor.
Homologous structure: similar structure, differing function and do derive from a common ancestor.
Analogous structure: similar/different structure, similar/differing function and do/do not derive from a common ancestor.
Analogous structure: different structure, similar function and do not derive from a common ancestor.
