What is an endotherm?
An organism that regulates it’s body temperature
What is an ectotherm?
An organism that conforms it’s body temperature to the temperature of the environment
Larger/smaller organisms require higher/lower absolute energy.
Larger organisms require higher absolute energy.
Larger/smaller organisms require higher/lower energy per gram body mass.
Smaller organisms require higher energy per gram body mass.
Allometric coefficient indicates _______ ____________.
Allometric coefficient indicates scaling relationship.
If the allometric coefficient, a = 1, the parameter increases/decreases proportionally with increasing mass: _________.
If the allometric coefficient, a = 1, the parameter increases proportionally with increasing mass: isometric.
If the allometric coefficient, a > 1, the parameter increases to a greater/lesser proportion with increasing mass: _________.
If the allometric coefficient, a > 1, the parameter increases to a greater proportion with increasing mass: hypermetric.
If the allometric coefficient, a < 1, the parameter increases to a greater/lesser proportion with increasing mass: _________.
If the allometric coefficient, a < 1, the parameter increases to a lesser proportion with increasing mass: hypometric.
Why do microbes require less energy than multicellular organisms?
- Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction: gamete formation, fertilization, etc. is far more costly than binary fission or mitosis.
- The greater degree of complexity in terms of tissues/organ systems requires far more energy to move nutrients around the body.
Why do ectotherms require less energy than endotherms?
- Body temperature: changing with environmental temperature requires far less energy than maintaining body temperature.
- Indeterminate growth in ectotherms vs. determinate growth in endotherms.
Ectotherms exhibit determinate/indeterminate growth.
Ectotherms exhibit indeterminate growth.
Endotherms exhibit determinate/indeterminate growth.
Endotherms exhibit determinate growth.
What is the primary goal of managing an energy budget?
Maximize survival in order to conserve enough energy to survive and reproduce.
Evolution favours organisms that ________ _______.
Evolution favours organisms that maximize fitness.
Life history traits can vary between/among species, but more so between/among species.
Life history traits can vary between and among species, but more so between species.
_______ in the past shapes ____-______ traits of a species. These traits are also influenced by the __________.
Success in the past shapes life-history traits of a species. These traits are also influenced by the environment.
Maximizing reproductive success involves ____-_____ due to:
Maximizing reproductive success involves trade-offs due to:
1. Fixed energy budgets
2. Selective pressures
If two life history traits compete for a share of limited resources, what occurs?
Gains in one trait result in loss by the other.
Trade-offs often result in _________ or ________ selection.
Trade-offs often result in stabilizing or disruptive selection.
What is semelparity?
An organism that can breed only once in its lifetime.
What is iteroparity?
An organism that can breed more than once in its lifetime.
What do different vales of net reproductive rate mean for the growth of a population?
If R0 > 1, the population is growing.
If R0 = 1, the population is stable.
If R0 < 1, the population is declining.
What are the three types of Survivorship Cues?
Type l:
- low mortality until end of life
- high parental care
- high juvenile survivorship
Type ll:
- constant rate of mortality
Type lll:
- low juvenile survivorship
- mortality decreases with age
