What was the issue with the theories proposed by blending inheritance and inheritance of acquired taste?
If these theories were true, variation would be reduced over time instead of increasing.
What term describes this concept?: favourable traits acquired by parents are passed on to offspring
inheritance of acquired taste
What term describes this concept?: offspring have traits that are intermediate to their parents
blending inheritance
While Darwin understood the concept of natural selection and evolution, he was not able to identify the _________ of inheritance.
While Darwin understood the concept of natural selection and evolution, he was not able to identify the mechanism of inheritance.
Mendel’s Principle of Segregation states that for each trait, an organism receives ___ copy/copies of each allele and receives ___ copy/copies of each allele when forming gametes.
Mendel’s Principle of Segregation states that for each trait, an organism receives 2 copies of each allele and 1 copy of each allele when forming gametes.
Homozygous: the two alleles are the same/different and therefore produce one type/two types of gamete.
Homozygous: the two alleles are the same and therefore produce one type of gamete.
Heterozygous: the two alleles are the same/different and therefore produce one type/two types of gamete.
Heterozygous: the two alleles are different and therefore produce two types of gamete.
What is a test cross?
Crossing an organism of an unknown genotype with an individual with the homozygous recessive genotype.
How can we differentiate between homozygous dominant and heterozygous?
A test cross: homozygous dominant will produce offspring who all have the dominant phenotype while 50% of the heterozygous offspring will have the dominant phenotype and the other 50% will have the recessive phenotype.
The Product Rule is used when the outcomes are ___________ (one event does not affect the occurrence of another) and individual probabilities are __________.
The Product Rule is used when the outcomes are independent (one event does not affect the occurrence of another) and individual probabilities are multiplied.
The Sum Rule is used when the outcomes are mutually _________ and individual probabilities are _____.
The Sum Rule is used when the outcomes are mutually exclusive and individual probabilities are added.
What is a monohybrid cross?
A cross between two individuals who are heterozygous for a single gene.
Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment states that separation of each pair of chromosomes is _________ of other pairs, meaning that the inheritance of one trait does/does not affect the inheritance of another (unless they are ______ traits).
Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment states that separation of each pair of chromosomes is independent of other pairs, meaning that the inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another (unless they are linked traits)
What is incomplete dominance?
One allele is not completely dominant over the other: heterozygous exhibit an intermediate phenotype.
What is codominance?
Codominant alleles have equal effect: heterozygotes exhibit both homozygote phenotypes.
What is a polymorphic gene?
A gene that exists in two or more variant forms (alleles).
Polymorphism is a critical source of _______.
Polymorphism is a critical source of variation.
What are discrete (Mendelian) traits?
One gene is controlled by two alleles, phenotype is consistent with genotype. (i.e on/off, present/absent)
Complex traits vary _____________ while discrete traits vary ________________.
Complex traits vary continuously while discrete traits vary discontinuously.
Complex genes are _________ and controlled by ________ alleles.
There is variation in __________ with the same ________.
More genes = more/less complexity and ________ distribution.
Complex genes are polygenic and controlled by multiple alleles.
There is variation in phenotype with the same genotype.
More genes = more complexity and smoother distribution.
Two individuals can/can not have the same phenotype but different genotypes. Why/why not?
Two individuals can have the same phenotype but different genotypes. Homozygous dominant and heterozygous individuals will have the same phenotype.
Two individuals can/can not have the same genotype but different phenotypes. Why/why not?
Two individuals can have the same genotype but different phenotypes. Post-transcriptional (epigenetic) modification can regulate expression of certain traits. Environmental factors can also influence phenotypic expression.
Define Mendel’s Law of Segregation
Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that each cell contains 2 alleles for each trait. During gamete formation, these alleles separate, leaving each gamete with only 1 allele.
What is an allele? What is a gene?
An allele is a variant form of a gene. Genes are the functional units of heredity that, when transcribed, code for specific traits.
