Topic 2- Theoretical and Computer Models

Question 1

What is the Multi Store Model?

Answer 1

The multi-store model shows how the memory
process is made up of a series of steps describing how memory
goes from the sensory input to short term memory, where if the
information is paid attention to, it is moved to long term memory.

Question 2

What is the purpose of Theoretical and Computer Models?

Answer 2

These models of memory
show how cognitive scientists have devised models to try and
explain our cognitive processes.

Question 3

What are 3 benefits of using Models?

Answer 3

1. The use of models means that the components can be tested individually and examined in detail. I
2. If the data from these experiments does not ‘fit’ with the model it can be adjusted.
3. It also means that areas of the brain can be identified as specific to certain tasks, which supports the model (but only when it supports the model in question).

Question 4

What are the differences and similarities between the computer and the mind?

Answer 4

Similarities

1. Both Process Information
2. Both have an Input (Data/Senses)
3. Output (Printout/Behaviour)
4. Memory

Differences

1. Metallic v Organic
2. Limited v Unlimited Memory

Question 5

What is the difference between Theoretical, Computer and Information Processing models?

Answer 5

Theoretical models - explanations of cognition that see thought processes as occurring in a series of distinct steps between a stimulus and a response

Computer models - an explanation of cognition that sees the mind functioning as an information processing device (input, process, output)

Information processing model - an explanation of cognition that sees the mind operating like a computer to input and process sensory information in order to facilitate a behavioural output (response)

Question 6

What is one of the core assumptions of the cognitive psychology approach

Answer 6

One of the core assumptions of the cognitive psychology approach is that the mind functions like a computer.

Question 7

What are the 3 stages in the Information Processing Model

Answer 7

The informational processing model describes the working of the
human mind in three stages:

1. Input, followed by
2. Processing, resulting in
3. An output.

Question 8

What are 3 key points of Cognitive Neuroscience?

Answer 8

The main focus of cognitive neuroscience has been to look for a
biological basis, specifically via neurons, for thought processes.

2. It suggests that it is necessary to consider physiological reasons for
   thought
3. And that the mind/computer analogy was important in the
   understanding of how we think.

Question 9

How has Cognitive Neuroscience emerged?

Answer 9

The discipline has emerged as technology has advanced. This has meant that as brain scanning machines (see Biopsychology, Chapter 6) have advanced, so too has the ability to investigate how the brain activity might underpin thought.
Originally the discipline of cognitive science emerged from cognitive psychology as the search for biological influences progressed.

Question 10

What is Cognitive Neuroscience?

Answer 10

aAcombination of cognitive science, cognitive psychology and neuroscience that seeks the biological basis to thought processes

Question 11

What are 2 advantages of Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 11

1. The focus of the cognitive approach is on the importance of thought processes. Thought processes are generally agreed to have an influence on behaviour and are important for understanding human behaviour.
2. The cognitive approach uses experimental methods to research, which means the research has scientific rigour.
3. The approach has produced valid descriptions of the cognitive processes that occur, and this informs treatment (for example, the cognitive theory of depression and CBT, see Chapter 4, page 172).

Question 12

What are 3 disadvantages of Cognitive Neuroscience?

Answer 12

1. The use of laboratory experiments means that the research lacks ecological validity as the thought processes measured could be argued to be artificial due to the context and tasks performed.
2. The use of models can be seen as over-simplifying complex processes; for example, the role of emotion is sometimes overlooked.
3. The approach is criticised for its comparison of people to computers, seeing people as mechanistic and lacking free will.