What 3 things happen on the journey to the alveoli?
1.debris cleaned 2. adjusted to body temperature 3. adjusted to humidity
Why do alveoli have a coating of lipo-protiens?
help maintain surface tension so they don’t collapse from sticking together
what are the primary stimuli for breathing?
co2 concentration and h+ concentration
What are the other 2 receptors other than the respiratory centre in the medulla oblangata?
carotid body in the carotid artery & aortic artery in the aorta > respond mostly to H+ concentration but also co2
What 2 conditions allows hemoglobin to grab oxygen easier?
- cool temperature 2. pH higher
What are the 3 types of co2 in the blood and how much do they makeup?
9% dissolved c02, 27% carboaminohemoglobin, 64% carbonic acid (H2CO3) > carbonic anhydrase > bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)
When there has been gas exchange between blood and tissue, what is in large quantities in the tissue vs the blood?
Blood>Tissue exch: Tissue (carboaminohemoglobin HbCO2, reduced hemoglobin Hhb) Blood: bicarbonate ion HCO3-
When there has been gas exchange between blood and lungs, what acts as a buffer at the lungs?
bicarbonate ion HCO3-
describe the 3 equations for the 3 exchanges that happen in the alveoli (external respiration)
- From the blood: H+ + HCO3- -> H2CO3 -> CO2 + H2O –> to alveoli/air
- From blood: HbCO2 -> Hb + CO2 –> to alveoli/air
- From alveoli: O2 + Hhb -> HbO2 + H+ (H+ goes to bicarbonate ion) –> to blood
describe the 4 equations for the 4 exchanges that happen in the tissues (internal respiration)
- from tissue: CO2 -> Dissolved CO2 (9%) –> blood
- from tissue: CO2 + Hb -> HbCO2 (27%) –> blood
- from tissueCO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 -> H+ + HCO3- (H+ reacts w/ HbO2) (64%) –> blood
- HbO2 + H+ -> Hhb + O2 –> diffuses to blood
