U5: Intelligence

Question 1

according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

Answer 1

general intelligence (g)

Question 2

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of unrelated items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score

Answer 2

factor analysis

Question 3

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability demonstrates profound and prodigious capacities and/or abilities dar in excess of what would be considered normal

Answer 3

savant syndrome

Question 4

in psychology, a passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals

Answer 4

grit

Question 5

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotion

Answer 5

emotional intelligence

Question 6

a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance.

Answer 6

mental age

Question 7

the widely used American revision (by Teraman At Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test

Answer 7

Stanford-Binet

Question 8

defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (IQ = [ma/ca]*100). on contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100, with scores assigned to relative performance above or below average.

Answer 8

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Question 9

mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and sue knowledge to adapt to new situations

Answer 9

intelligence

Question 10

british statistician and psychologist. coined the term factor analysis. two-factor theory. theorized that all behaviors we considered to be intelligent have a common underlying factor, “g”, which stands for general intelligence. “s” = specific mental ability

Answer 10

Charles Spearman/Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory

Question 11

created the first practical intelligence test, used to measure mental age

Answer 11

Alfred Binet

Question 12

a test designed to assess what a person has learned

Answer 12

achievement test

Question 13

a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn

Answer 13

aptitude test

Question 14

the WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests

Answer 14

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Question 15

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

Answer 15

standardization

Question 16

the symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes

Answer 16

normal curve

Question 17

the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting

Answer 17

reliability

Question 18

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Answer 18

validity

Question 19

the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest

Answer 19

content validity

Question 20

the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior (also called criterion-related validity)

Answer 20

predictive validity

Question 21

American psychologist Louis Thurstone believed that 7 separate factors, or “primary mental abilities”, make up intelligence.
–verbal comprehension, word fluency, number facility, spatial visualization, association memory, perceptual speed, reasoning

Answer 21

Thurstone’s Theory of Primary Mental Abilities

Question 22

contemporary american psychologist Howard Gardner theorized that intelligence has a broader base and that multiple kinds of intelligence exists within us.believes that the different intelligences are independent of each other
– linguistic, logical-mathematic, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical-rhythmic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist, spiritualist.

Answer 22

Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence

Question 23

american psychologist Robert Sternberg believes that different kinds of intelligences all work together, created a 3-level model of intelligence.
–analytic, ability to solve problems. creative, ability to deal with new situations. practical, ability to accomplish everyday tasks.

Answer 23

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory

Question 24

in the past 60 years, intelligence scores have risen steadily by an average of 27 points.

Answer 24

flynn effect

Question 25

caused by genetic disorders or abnormalities, accidents causing brain damage, pregnant women who abuse drugs/alcohol or who are malnourished. mild: IQ 50-70, moderate: IQ 35-49. severe: IQ 20-34, profound: IQ <20

Answer 25

intellectual disability

Question 26

IQ >135. to possess outstanding talent or to show potential for performing at remarkably high levels of accomplishment when compared with other people of the same age, experience, and environment

Answer 26

giftedness

Question 27

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype. appears in some instances in intelligence testing among Afircan-Ameicans and women of color

Answer 27

stereotype threat

Question 28

ability to invent new solutions to problems or to create original or ingenius materials

Answer 28

creativity

Question 29

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills. usually increases with age

Answer 29

crystalized intelligence

Question 30

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly. usually decreases in late adulthood

Answer 30

fluid intelligence

Question 31

a condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome

Answer 31

down syndrome

Question 32

self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.

Answer 32

stereotype threat

Question 35

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

Answer 35

crystalized intelligence

Question 36

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease in late adulthood

Answer 36

fluid intelligence

Question 37

the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. the heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied

Answer 37

heritability

Question 38

-children from low-income households score 10-15 pts lower than children from middle-/upper-income households. -lack of motivation -tests have been criticized in the past for being culturally biased

Answer 38

problems with intelligence tests