1
Q
ex-lax
A
red urine
2
Q
blood
A
red urine
3
Q
rifampin
A
organe urine
4
Q
metronidazole
A
brown urine
5
Q
profofol
A
red urine, green urine
6
Q
uti in patients with catheters
A
purple urine
7
Q
blue diaper syndrome
A
blue urine
8
Q
hepatobiliary disease
A
brown urine
9
Q
methylene blue
A
greeen urine
blue urine
10
Q
Beets
A
red urine
11
Q
vitamin c
A
orange urine
12
Q
utis
A
green urine
13
Q
fava beans
A
brown urine
14
Q
hemoglobinuria
A
red urine
15
Q
phenazopyridine
A
orange urine
16
Q
levadopa
A
brown urine
17
Q
alkaproteinuria
A
black urine
18
Q
asparagus
A
green urine
19
Q
indomethacin
A
blue urine
20
Q
chemotherapy
A
red urine
21
Q
melanoma
A
black urine
22
Q
uric acid crystals
A
TLS, hyperuricosuria
23
Q
Cystine crystals
A
cystinuria
24
Q
magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals
A
staghorn calculi
25
what does squamous epithelium cells in the urine mean
contamination not clean catch urine
26
hyaline cast
heavy exercise and diuretics
27
calicum oxidate crystals
nephrolithiasis
28
RBC casts
glomerulonephritis, vasculitis
29
WBC cast
acute pyelonephritis, tubule interstitial nephritis
30
Waxy cast
advanced renal failure
31
muddy- brown granular cast
acute tubular necrosis
32
Fatty cast
nephrotic syndrome
33
34
indication for infection
bacteria
leukocyte esterase positive
WBC\>10
nitrate positive
RBCs
Ph increaced
35
lumbar puncture contraindications
Local skin infections
Increased ICP
Coagulopathy - platelet count less then 50,000, patelete dysfunction, INR greater than 1.4
Poor patient cooperation
36
what is collected in each tube for lumbar puncture?
Tube 1- cell count and differential
Tube 2- glucose and protein
Tube 3- culture andgram stain
tube 4- cell count and differental
**in tube 1 there should be a little blood from the puncture by the time you get to tube 4 there should be little blood**
37
where do you do a lumbar puncture?
L3-L4 or L4-L5
Dura of cauda equina
38
In a CSF analysis if the sugar is low what should yuo expect to see?
Bacterial infection- bacteria eat the sugar
39
What would normal spinal fluid look like?
clear
cloudy- infection
40
If there is blood in the in the 4th tube of lumbar puncture what should you expect?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
## Footnote
**NO blood in the 4th tube subdural hematoma**
41
Traumatic Puncture vs subarachnoid hemorrage
Traumatic Puncture
* CSF- low
* Duration of bleeding- decreases when CSF is withdrawn
* Clotting- present
* Repeat lumbar puncture- not blood
* centrifugation- clear fluid
Subarachnoid hemorrage
* CSF- high
* Duration of bleeding- no change in color when CSF is withdrawn
* Clotting- Absent
* Repeat lumbar puncture- bloody
* centrifugation- Xanthochromia
42
Synovial fluid analysis indications?
Joint pain
Joint- swelling
Joint effusion
43
What does gout have an wht does psuedogout have?
Gout- uric acid cyrstals
Pseudogout- calclium phsopahte crystals
44
How to differentiate between septic and imflammatory synovial fluid?
both appear the same but the culture for inflammatory will be negative but the culture for septic joints will be positive
WBC in spetic willbe \> 80,000 and polys will be \> then 75%
Diagostics
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